Limonene

Organic Chemistry Lab Friday, December 14, 2012 Formal Lab-report: steam clean distillation and polarimetry 08 Fall 08 Fall Abstract R-(+)Lim mavinne was extracted from the outer rifle of an orange. Using co-distillation (steam distillation) the 17.5-mL of distillate was extracted from the mixture and was disordered in a separatory funnel. The organic layer containing the extract was set-apart and dried utilize anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The extract was gain ground purified, by removing the dichloromethane on an explosion-proof-hot-plate. The purity of the lim championne was confirmed by polarimetry. righteousness of the product was 33.8% with an observed rotation of +3.25° at 26.7°C compared to the literary works of pure limonene, +125.6°. Introduction Compounds| Structure| State| Molecular pitch (g/mol)| B.P.(°C) | M.P.(°C)| Density (g/mL)| R-(+)Limonene| | liquid colorless| 136.23| 175| -40| 0.8911| Dichloromethane| | placid | 84.93 | 39.6| -96.7| 1.33| Sodium chloride| | Solid | 58.44| 1,913| 801| 2.16| Ethanol| | Solid round and with| 120.38| N/A| N/A| N/A| anhydrous mg2+ Sulfate| | Liquid Colorless| 46.07| 78.37| -114| 0.789| Oranges and pines are on contrastive spectrums of the biodiversity tree of life.

A pine is a leaf from the genus Pinus, darn oranges are fruit, an off spring of a citrus tree. some(prenominal) experience in different climates and have almost postal canon in common. However, taking a closer look shows that the 2 are actually more similar then they may seem. The pine needle leaf and the outer orange peel c ontain a molecule called limonene. The limon! ene molecule has two enantiomers, one with a positive (+) and the other with a negative (-) stereocenter. (figure 1) grave [ 1 ]: Left, S-(-)Limonene, Right, R-(+)Limonene. Drawn using Marvin Sketch Figure [ 1 ]: Left, S-(-)Limonene, Right, R-(+)Limonene. Drawn using Marvin Sketch Distillation Distillation is the involve of heating a liquid until boiling...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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