Emperor Constantine essays

Emperor Constantine essays Constantine was born at Naissus in the province of Moesia Superior on February 27, 272 or 273. Constantius, Constantines father, was a military officer. Constantines mothers name was Helena and was known to be a humble person. Throughout his life, Constantine proved himself to the Roman people. On March 1st of 293, he exceeded the rank of Caesar. Shortly after, he married Theodora, the daughter of Maximian. When Diocletian retired on May 1st of 305, Constantine made the rank of Augustus. In 306, when Constantines father Constantius Chlorus died, Constantine was announced Augustus by his troops at York. Galerius (Constantines opponent) refused to accept Constantine. This didnt last long. In 308, Constantine was required to give up his title and return to the rank of Caesar. He refused, and to prove himself, he went campaigning against the Germans. He marched his German armies into Gaul, and forced Maximian to flee to Massilia. Maximian was Faustas father, which was Constantines wife. Maximian either committed suicide of was executed in 310. The persecution of Christians was had already begun (started in 303). Constantine supported the Christians. He put an end to the persecution of Christians by the Edict of Mulan in 313. One night when Constantine and his army were on a march toward Rome, it has been said that Christ appeared to Constantine and told him to place the heavenly sign on the battle standards of his army. He then told his men to place a cross on their shield for battle. He later learned the cross was the symbol of the Christian Faith. From that day forward, Constantine was committed to the Christian Faith. Just before the tenth anniversary of his approval from the Senate as Emperor, the Arch of Constantine was finished. There were many celebrations. All sacrifices to the pagan gods were not allowed. Constantine defeated Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge in 312. The op...

Demography - Statistical Study of Human Populations

Demography - Statistical Study of Human Populations Demography is the statistical study of human populations. It includes the study of the size, structure, and distributions of different populations and changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death. It also includes the analysis of the relationships between economic, social, cultural, and biological process influencing a population. The field of sociology draws on huge bodies of data generated by a variety of sources, including the U.S. Census Bureau. Demography is widely used for various purposes and can encompass small, targeted populations or mass populations. Governments use demography for political observations, scientists use demography for research purposes, and businesses use demography for the purpose of advertising. Statistical concepts essential to demography include birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, fertility rate, and life expectancy. These concepts can be further broken down into more specific data, such as the ratio of men to women and the life expectancy of each gender. A census helps provide much of this information, in addition to vital statistic records. In some studies, the demography of an area is expanded to include education, income, the structure of the family unit, housing, race or ethnicity, and religion. The information gathered and studied for a demographic overview of a population depends on the party utilizing the information. From the census and vital statistics gathered using a wide variety of sources, sociologists can create a picture of the U.S. population – who we are, how we are changing, and even who we will be in the future.

Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Globalisation - Essay Example Cities in Australia such as Perth and Brisbane offer attractive investment opportunities to potential investors leading to the rise in capital growth rate. Australian cities like Melbourne, Adelaide, Bribane and Perth are also known for the low cost of living prevailing compared to other capital cities in the world. These Australian cities are ranked top 30 globally for the high life quality. Current exchange rates against other currencies are exceedingly friendly in Australia hence making it ideal for foreign investors who wish to make purchases in Australia. The explanation for this is that they have the capacity to buy more than what they would have bought in their own countries with the same amount. Low interest rates in its economy enable investors get big loans from banks, which thereafter yield significant returns that boost the country’s GDP. The Australian government put a lot of money into available growth opportunities hence making it possible for the countryâ€℠¢s economy to survive economic hard times (McLean 7). Question 2 Although Australia is ranked as one of the best-performed economies in the developed world, its citizens are pessimistic about their economy. Some of its citizens thinks that their economy over-rely on non-renewable natural resources for energy used both locally and for export,they claim that they may run at a loss when coal deposits are depleted from the mines. Other citizens do not enjoy the use of coal as a source of energy in their country, they claim that use of coal is one of the major contributors of global warming hence they ask the government to invest on other modes of energy production. Australian’s economy is dominated by small to medium sized enterprises. The entire country’s population thinks that these SME’s lack proper management teams compared to larger companies hence performing poorly in the economy. The citizens think that government should provide relevant training to the entre preneurs to improve their performance. Further still, many citizens perceive the strength of the country’s currency negatively. They believe that it blamable for increasing unemployment rates as many people have lost their jobs in leading companies like Toyota. This has exposed how fragile the manufacturing sector is. Country’s economists blame the Australian dollar for damaging the market at international level. This is because, of the increase of prices of Australian goods. As a consequence, the demand of country’s locally produced goods is decreasing with a notable rate (Martin 1). Citizens have also noted that its government has not put enough money on technology development hence importing more than exports on ICT. Government is also blamed for making its IT purchases outside the country, yet same equipments are available in local companies. Question 3 China’s economic growth and technological advancement have drawn investors’ and governmentâ €™s interest. As such, Australia should take the lead and welcome Chinese’s increasing foreign investment. Australia benefits from it both directly and indirectly. Given that Australia do not invest much on ICT, China gets to supply them with the ICT equipment since it is known as an of the ICT equipments exporter. If Australia accepts to trade with China government, it will get a chance to negotiate better prices on its ICT purchases hence reducing import costs. Australia also exports its

The New Testament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The New Testament - Essay Example The purpose of such a fulfillment is the witness of the disciple being taught that he or she should be salt and light. The foundational basis for witness is heart attitude or beatitude as popularly known. Eight attitudes of blessedness or four pairs are given to the disciple, which will cause them to be the influence they need to be, while enjoying blessedness. Verse 5 is just one of the eight stating, â€Å"Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.† Jesus or the gospel writer reporting Jesus goes directly to basic precept of being an influence for maximum impact and recall, and then builds the argument in a manner which is recognizable to any Jew of that day, with the purpose of testimony and Christ likeness placed consequent to the basic precepts of life being elucidated. B. Form of this passage: The content and form of this passage is a typical of a sermon by Jesus where he reads out a text and then sits down, whereby he invites them for a closer look into what he has spoken about. In terms of the source there is only a single obvious parallel of this verse and style, which is in Luke 6 (Though closer scrutiny shows connectivity to many writing of the OT). Based on the two source theory, if disciple Matthew and Doctor Luke had sources for these it would have been ‘Q’ and not Mark. â€Å"The evidence points to the fact that both Matthew and Luke were referring to the same passage. â€Å"Luke 6:17 means a "plateau" in a mountainous area 21 and there are striking similarities between the two sermons, then how do we reconcile Matthew's "Blessed are the poor in spirit" and Luke's "Blessed are the poor"? Must one be more historical than the other on the basis of redaction critical criteria? Not on the basis of an evangelical use of the tools. Matthew is emphasizing the spiritual side and Luke the economic side of the same original saying. In other words, both are equally historical.† (Osborne, 199) C. Structure: While paral lelism is a Hebraic poetic style and The New Testament is written in Greek it must not be forgotten that it is quoting Jesus who is from a Hebraic cultural milieu. Hebraic poetic parallelism does not use rhyming words but rhyming ideas and there is great merit in seeing Matthew 5:3-10 through this lens D. Redaction: While redaction refers to the author acting as an editor to suit the original content to his own objectives for writing, it does not necessarily mean that the content is rendered corrupt. If this argument is to be based on the two-source theory, then there is the possibility that Matthew arranged chapter 5 to show logical continuity of the Old Testament in the new historical setting to set Jesus above the pharisaic figures and the pharisaic teachings. This is well stated by Robert Imperato â€Å" While Pharisees were claiming that their lifestyle and teachings were the fulfillment of Jewish life, Matthew’s Gospel was claiming that Jesus was the fulfillment of Jew ish life (Imperato, 16) E. Keywords: From the point of view that Matthew has used parallelism, the keywords of 5:5 would be â€Å"Meek† and â€Å"Inherit the earth†. The other keyword that needs to be considered is â€Å"Blessed† in terms the context of the passage as well as the verse being exegeted. These words then have to be understood in terms of it’

Vision Quest Essay Example for Free

Vision Quest Essay SUMMARY Its my first time to walk alone, in first 30 minutes in doing my vision quest there is a little harder it my part mostly in my mind, because while I am walking my childhood experience flashback in my mind, seriously I don’t want to remind again my childhood day, because that part of my life are one of the worst part that I ever had, I cant experience the happy and complete family during that time, because of that in this part of my quest mix feeling happen to me ,boredom and a little anxious maybe because of the negative thoughts creating in my mind ,and when I stop at playground I’m just like a child want to play but I control my self, maybe because I’m to old to that in I’m only one person in that place, and I’m just thinking that if any person see me and play at the playground I’m very aware what they are feedback to me. In this quest I’m also feel the day dreaming while walking I saw a various car and I imagine that in the future I have my own car in this part my mind change into positive because car motivate me to pursue my self to finish and studying hard, but during I’m walking the fliers that two guy gave to me change my attention because that fliers are about job hiring and I’m thinking that I want to have a car I says if I apply possible this is the opportunity the me to buy a car but my favorite quotation insert into my mind its about ‘ Opportunity my knock once only, But temptation leans on the doorbell ‘ and my attention back to my study I ask to my self if I finish my study not only car but also a good job waiting to me, and I think in my quotation the opportunity is my scholarship now and the temptation during that time are the fliers that impose to me to apply a work. It also flashback into my mind the words that says my classmate about the 5 students failed in Educ. 7 subject. I feel the hopeless because I’m thinking maybe one the 5 are me, I feel nervous and a little anxious I says if that happen I don’t know what I doing to my self ,the word suicide insert to my mind but later on it change into positive I says I’m not belong to the 5 students I experience a paranoid feeling because of lot of people walk in road and I’m thinking those people look at me and there think something to me and noise of many vehicles’ distract to me to think positive because of this I stop and relaxed my mind to divert my thinking into positive and probably it very helpful to me because my thoughts slowly divert into positive, At the last of my vision quest I think this are the very learning part and it gives me a clearly meaning of my life, first before I end up at overpass at Ligaya road Marcos highway the thoughts insert in my mind the paranoid part of my experience while I’m walking, I says I don’t care other people what thoughts creating in there mind, what I doing now I’m happy and who they are in my self. And when I stop at center of overpass it about 5; 30 PM the climate are to hot because of pollution created a lot vehicle in road and I look up into the sky and I says God how long I experience a risk and difficulty in my life, and a few seconds I turn my head in the other side of the over pass and I saw the ‘pulubi’ and I feel mixed emotion anger and ‘awa’, and I realize that I’m so blessed because I’m not like a ‘pulubi’ they much ‘kawawa’ than to me and in my case I much a lot of opportunity than to her. In ag ain I say to god .thank for what I have now, I learn to this quest a acceptance and learn by the experience, other person blame experience put their into worst situation, but they not realize that experience are best to have a good foundation of our life, other person they not accept what they have now like me .in my quest it give me a clear thoughts or insight that anything happen are helpful to us, it put us in good not to worst ,learning by experience give us a positive direction it remind us that anything that we do always thing if it for better not to worst. Accept what we are now and what we have also clarify into me because sometimes I ask question into my self the word Why, What and How in my vision quest it clearly that those word are no place in my life, I realize that all things happen to me are so blessed. THE SIGN I attempt only one time to use sign in order to answer the creating question into my mind in that was the part that I feel hopeless, anxious, because of the humors ask by my classmate about the result of the grading in one of my subject ,its to very realistic things that if I’m not studying hard I failed. In that part I says if I see a checked sign it means I’m not belong to the five students, and I’m not expected I see the truck of Brand Nike and I slowly smile and creating a questioned how very significant the sign in my situation. But I realize and say I’m not included in five students because I know in my self that I pass and submit all the requirements in that subject, that’s why my negative feelings slowly calm and I continuing doing my vision. In our Biblical theology before they use sign in order to know what god want to us to people in part of Moises before they will do an act they ask a sign to god. In my experience about my quest sign are only help me to calm my negative thoughts, but the truth is all things happen are totally done sign cant change the result, I learn that always aware what is consequences’ in what we are doing in my case that if I study hard of course in return it will give me a good benefits as well. THEORITICAL EXPLANATION Individual experience create a tremendous effect of the attitude, personality and behavior of an individual it very important that in life of individual they experience a complete positively life situation. If one person experience during their childhood, incomplete attachment to their family it will result a negative thoughts and insight , if that person attain the right age what they are experience during childhood it triggers and it cause of Anxiety, hopeless in life and sometimes being paranoid. Anxiety develop during they childhood when they feel fear and no one of their family help the child to reduce fear it develop anxiety to the child. Although fear is leads to increase in affiliative behavior, anxiety is more likely to lead to a reduced need for affiliation. Feel hopeless these negative thoughts develop when individual childhood experience the discomfort of their family, it very important to the child part the comport that the child family give, once the affection of the parents cant feel the child later on it develop hopeless because the child cant complete achieve the love by their parents. Paranoid develop during childhood when their parents always the child here a folk story a horror story it develop to the mind of the child not healthy environment that may cause paranoid later on it triggers and they think a not normal to their environment. In order to be a healthy the mind of the child it very important if we are aware how the help them to have a good mind set, childhood are important for development also as individual be concern of what they adapt not only to the environment but the most important is to their own family, character and personality are mold inside the house or the family if the child leaving in not healthy the result also is the unhealthy personality or attitude and behaviors. The existential tradition seeks a balance between recognizing the limits and tragic dimensions of human existence on one hand and the possibilities and opportunities of human life on the other hand. It grew out of a desire to help people engage the dilemmas of contemporary life, such as isolation, alien-ation, and meaninglessness. The current focus of the existential approach is on the individual’s experience of being in the world alone and facing the anxiety of this isolation. The existential view of human nature is captured, in part, by the notion that the significance of our existence is never fixed once and for all; rather, we continually re-create ourselves through our projects. Humans are in a constant state of transition, emerging, evolving, and becoming. Being a person implies that we are discovering and making sense of our existence. We continually question ourselves, others, and the world. Although the specific questions we raise vary in accordance with our developmental stage in life, the fundamental themes do not vary. We pose the same questions philosophers have pondered throughout Western history: â€Å"Who am I?† â€Å"What can I know?† â€Å"What ought I to do?† â€Å"What can I hope for?† â€Å"Where am I going?† The basic dimensions of the human condition, according to the existential approach, include (1) The capacity for self-awareness; (2) Freedom and responsibility; (3) Creating one’s identity and establishing meaningful relationships with others; (4) The search for meaning, purpose, values, and goals; (5) Anxiety as a condition of living; and (6) Awareness of death and nonbeing. I develop these propositions in the following sections by summarizing themes that emerge in the writings of existential philosophers and psychotherapists, and I also discuss the implications for counseling practice of each of these propositions.

The Drosophilia Hydei Essay -- Biology, Fruit Fly

Drosophila hydei, commonly known as the fruit fly, is about 3mm long and typically found near unripe or rotted and fermenting fruit. Its body is segmented into 3 different sections and covered in an exoskeleton. It has six legs, two small antennae, one pair of wings (which extend slightly over its rear), and large, red compound eyes. The complex, compound eyes permit D.hydei to see in many directions, allowing it to sense food or potential dangers (Miller 2000). Its eyes are sensitive to light intensity, therefore when shadows approach, signaling danger, the fly will flee or take flight (Demerec 1950; Miller 2000). Its body is a gray-brown color and shaped like an oblong oval, being larger in the front and narrowing toward the back. Tiny hairs cover the entire body, which allow the fly to sense movements in the air. These hairs alert them of disturbances such as approaching predators (Demerec 1950; Miller 2000). The pupae from which the Drosophila hydei hatch are orange-brown in color and are slightly larger than the adult fly. Males and females are differentiated by the stripes on the back of the males, as well as size. Males have broader stripes and tend to be smaller, whereas the stripes on a female are narrower and they will be larger in size (Miller 2000). In order to thrive, a food source of yeast and sugar must be present, as is the case with fermenting fruit. The mouth of D. hydei is specifically shaped in order to take up liquid food sources (Miller 2000). The range of Drosophila hydei is broad and it exists in many different habitats, ranging from temperate to wet forests (Bateman 1972). Since very cold temperatures are found to have negative effects on insect survival, Drosophila hydei is not found near th... ...fested by wasp parasites and other harmful microorganisms. Ants also pose a threat to the D. hydei, often carrying away the larvae, destroying their ability to survive (Bateman 1972). The predatorial relationship between ants and D. hydei larvae has a negative effect upon the fly, as they are being used as a food source, whereas the ant benefits, as it is getting a food source. Since Drosophila hydei is prey for so many species, its removal would be detrimental to the many species that prey upon it. Overall, Drosophila hydei is a unique species, capable of residing in a large range of habitats, temperature and light conditions. Much research has been done to determine the affect of abiotic factors upon these organisms. Differences in temperature and light in particular are shown to affect the behavior, growth and reproduction of the species.

Should Rich Nations Lend Aid to Poor Ones

Globalization is one of culprits causing greater development gaps among countries over the world, and the act of lending aid is remarkable behavior of rich nations to assist poor ones. To some people, rich nations should lend aid to poor ones because of its economic, diplomatic, politic and military advantages. Meanwhile, opponents claim that on account of their possibilities of financial distress in the future, they should not do so. I am of the former notion for the following reasons. The first reason for rich countries do lend aid to impoverished ones is economic advantage. By dint of this act, they can achieve particular preferences from recipients which other ones cannot have, such as: economic cooperation agreements in types of ODA , mineral exploitation priorities and so on. Furthermore, companies in rich nations also benefit through expanding consumption markets in abroad easily, opening new branches, production and assembly factories to take advantages of redundant natural resources and cheap-labor source that receiving countries possess. This is enormously meaningful to their economic development. The intensity in international relationship, in addition, is another benefit of this activity. As the result of financial assistance to each others, the relationships between countries becomes friendlier, which is the foundation of international integration, cooperation and peace Finally, these financial supports might provide developed countries with favorable conditions to affirm their positions both in the region and in the world. This allows them have enough authority to affect other ones politically and militarily, which is stepping-stone to implement their ambitions to become number one in the whole world.

Kinds of Music Essay

Music is no stranger to anyone, but have you ever asked someone as to what music is. If not, then try on but be prepared that you would not receive any definite answer from anyone. The dictionary defines music as ‘the art of arranging tones in an orderly sequence so as to produce a unified and continuous composition’. However, in the larger picture, the definition of music varies with culture, people, place or time. Music is sublime and too varied, leaving each individual with a different set of choice. For some music may be a source of relaxation, while for others it could be the means to let out their internal anguish. Even a person with the least inclination towards melody can recognize a piece of music instantly. With the diversity in the forms of music, here is a classification of some of the different types of music. It’s an art form whose medium is sound and silence. Its common elements are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. Classical music is the main form of music, and refers mainly to the music which prevailed in the world before the 20th century. Classical music is a complex form of music and requires intensive training and knowledge. Classical music may also refer to the local and folk music of any particular country or region. In the world of Western music, the works of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are defined as classical music. It’s a complex form of music as it requires skills like learning the ragas and ability to coordinate with other musicians. One has to maintain the complex relationship between its emotional flows. If you wish to learn it, then you have to go through proper training. Folk music includes both traditional music mirrors the needs, desire, likes, dislikes and life of the local people and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that. Certain types of folk music are also called world music. Folk music mostly depicts the struggle for survival and culture of the people. Country music is a genre that has evolved out of folk music. Bob Dylan’s songs have become anthem for people fighting against social injustice. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted by mouth, as music of the lower classes, and as music with unknown composers. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers; another is music that has been transmitted and evolved by a process of oral transmission or performed by custom over a long period of time. Rapping is a key ingredient in hip hop music and reggae, and has worked itself into mainstream and alternative rock music as well. It is generally spoken to a beat, either with backing music or acapella. Rap is a complex mix of influences, and includes elements of speech, prose, poetry, and song. If you appreciate the art form, have some talent, and want to learn how to rap, this article will help you build the foundation that will allow you to grow into a world-class rapper. Country music is genre of American popular music that originated in the rural regions of the Southern United States in the 1920s.[1] It takes its roots from southeastern American folk music, Western cowboy. Blues mode has been used extensively throughout its recorded history. Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjoes, electric and acoustic guitars, fiddles, and harmonicas. Rock music came into existence in the rock and roll era of the 1950s. Rock music has its focus mainly on guitars, drums and heavy vocals. However, use of piano, synthesizer, saxophone, flute, mandolin and sitar has also been witnessed in the modern rock era. These instruments are mainly used to create a deeper impact. Elvis Presley and The Beatles are considered to be the pioneers of rock music. Over the years, rock music has diversified into various genres like hard rock, metal rock, progressive rock etc. Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as â€Å"rock and roll† in 1950s America and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s’ and 1950s’ rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, c lassical and other musical sources. Disco is a genre of dance music. Disco acts charted high during the mid-1970s, and the genre’s popularity peaked during the late 1970s. Its initial audiences were club-goers from the African American, Latino, gay, and psychedelic communities in New York City and Philadelphia during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Disco also was a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. Women embraced disco as well, and the music eventually expanded to several other popular groups of the time. Pop rock is a music genre which mixes a catchy pop style and light lyrics in its (typically) guitar-based rock songs. There are varying definitions of the term, ranging from a slower and mellower form of rock music to a subgenre of pop music. Scholars have noted that pop and rock are usually depicted as opposites; the detractors of pop often deride it as a slick, commercial product, less authentic than rock music. Metal music emerged after the Second World War. Here the melody of the song is heavily influenced by the structure of the songs. While in rock music, songwriting is based within a form; in metal music, the central melody decides the structure of the song. It is also known as ‘information music’. Heavy metal music, also known as ‘information music’, started off after the Second World War. It includes various sub-genres, such as thrash metal, death metal, and black metal and so on. The most important requirement of a heavy metal band is the presence of at least one electronic guitarist. There may be a few soft and subtle pieces, but most of the songs are loud, fast and aggressive with some heavy use of the guitar and drums, and lot of screaming, mostly in death metal. Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath were some of the famous bands of this genre. Hip-hop music originated among the Black American during the 1970s, with a deep influence from the Jamaican music. Hip-hop employs bass as the main instrument and includes rapping and audio mixing. Bob Marley and Roberts Nesta Marley were the pioneers in popularizing hip-hop music. By 2000, hip-hop made its way to the world music charts, and now with the success of hip-hop artists like Eminem, 50 Cents, Usher and Akon, hip-hop is going places around the globe. Hip-hop music always includes the use of instruments such as guitar, violin, fiddle, piano, bass and drums. In this type of music, the bass is the main instrument. This can be used in different intensities to emote feelings of anger, pride and others. This type of music is the result of hip-hop culture and is known as hip-hop music. This music shows a heavy influence of Jamaican music. The roots of the music are found in African-American and West African music. It was first played by a group of traveling singers and poets of We st Africa. Trance music is characterized by fast beats, short melodic synthesizer phrases, and a musical form that varies up and down throughout a track. Trance music is mostly played in clubs and discotheques, for listeners to groove and dance. The name trance suggests the hypnotic effect of this type of music, and quite often gets associated with the use of drugs. Trance music is a combination of various forms of music such as industrial, techno, and house. Jazz music owes its origin to the African American communities in the Southern United States. Cornet, trumpet, saxophone, piano and violin are the main instruments used in jazz music. Jazz music carries a strong and intricate rhythm and is a lot influenced by the blues in terms of using components like blue notes and phrasing of melodies. Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald and Freddie Hubbard were some of the most famous jazz artists. This type of music is featured by strong and complex rhythms. The main instruments used for jazz music are cornet, trumpet or violins, which help carry the melody. This is a rhythmic music and has a forward momentum called â€Å"swing†. However, in this genre, the skilled performer interprets a tune in his own way. Techno music is also known as fusion music, is electronic dance music influenced from the African American styles like funk, electro and electric jazz. It was developed by a group known as â€Å"The Belleville Three†, initiated by Derrick May, Kevin Saunderson and Juan Atkins in the suburbs of Detroit. Among the various styles of techno that exists today, Detroit Techno is considered to be the base for all others. Techno music is mainly an instrumental genre that uses instruments like synthesizers, drum machines, multi-tracking and hardware sequencers for creating harmony. It features fast beats and this form was initiated by Juan Atkins, Kevin Saunderson and Derrick May. Opera music first emerged in Italy in the 1600s. This genre has a remarkable combination of theatrical art and musical invention and is specifically played in the theaters. This has greater appeal for its delightful orchestral accompaniment. The preludes and interludes of this music set the tone for the action on-stage.

Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Essays - Psychology, Cognition

Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Essays - Psychology, Cognition Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper April Barthel PSY360 October 31, 2016 Gerald Thauberger Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper What exactly is co gnitive psychology? Defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary , "a branch of psychology concerned with mental processes (as perception, thinking, learning, and memory) especially with respect to the internal events occurring between sensory stimulation and the overt expression of behaviorcompare " CITATION Edind \l 1033 (Editors, Merriam-Webster, n.d.) Cognitive psychology covers a broad range of topics like our thinking, attention, memory, language, our ability to be creative, and to solve problems. How we perceive things and ho w we think and reason are all part of the cognitive process. Cognitive psychology explores how the mind works, and also what establishes the mind. This eventually is how cognitive theory formed. A t least four key milestones that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline are the fall in behaviorism, the information processing model and computer metaphor , artificial intelligence and neuroscience. Another important factor in Cognitive Psychology is behavioral observation. Each of these factors contributed to and formed what we know of today as cognitive psychology. The Fir st milestone that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline is the fall of behaviorism. " There was great d issatisfaction with the behaviorist approach in its simple emphasis on external behavior rather than internal processes. " CITATION McL07 \l 1033 (McLeod, Cognitive Psychology, 2007) The cognitive approach gave people an insight into the why' aspect of different behaviors, whereas the behaviorist approach only looked as the external aspects. Behaviorism focused mostly on the observational aspect of psychology. CITATION SanND \l 1033 (San Diego Figure Skating Communications, N.D.) The behaviorist did not want to accept or come to terms with the internal part of the human mind. They also tested animals with no regards to finding out if there would be a different outcome with humans. Behavioral psychologist felt that a behavior is learned. An example of this would be Ivan Pavlov, teaching the dog to salivate when hearing the sound of a bell ringing. CITATION McL071 \l 1033 (McLeod, Pavlov's Dogs, 2007) He proved that a dog could be conditioned to learn to do things such as associate a bell with food which, in turn caused them to salivate more at the sound of a bell. The problem with this is that they did not ask the million-dollar question, Why?". With cognitive psychology, takes an internal look into the mind, not just of animals but humans also, to find out why they behave as they do. Cognitive psychologists use experiments to internally investigate the human psyche. Instead of looking at the external aspect of the behaviors, they take a more in-depth look at what happens between the input and output of the mediational process. The second milestone that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline is t he information processing model and computer metaphor. "Thecomputergave cognitive psychologists ametaphor, oranalogy, to which they could compare human mentalprocessing. Essentially, acomputer codes (i.e. changes)information, storesinformation, usesinformation, and produces an output (retrievesinfo)." CITATION McL07 \l 1033 (McLeod, Cognitive Psychology, 2007) With the invention of the computers, the way that they worked and their software gave psychologists a type of way to compare it to the human mind. The mind, like the computer, has a connection in which we have input (like seeing words on a paper), then codes it (changes it into information to be stored), and finally output (which is where we read the words on the paper). When we process the information in which we are consuming, they can be stored in the brain. The information can be stored and turned into memories, mental pictures, and different perceptions. All of the information that we intake are then changed by our senses so that it can be transformed, stored and retrieved when we deem it necessary. By using the information processing technique like this, humans compare to the workings of computers. The third milestone that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline is artificial intelligence. " Artificial intelligence in cognitive psychology was the attempt to artificially create cognitive beings." CITATION Cog16 \l 1033 (Cognitive Science Department, 2016) With artificial intelligence (AI),

Chinese Emperors - Shang Dynasty

Chinese Emperors - Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty is the first Chinese imperial dynasty for which we have actual documentary evidence. Since the Shang is so very ancient, the sources are unclear. We dont even know for sure when the Shang Dynasty began its rule over the Yellow River Valley of China.  Some historians believe that it was around the year 1700 BCE, while others place it later, c. 1558 BCE. In any case, the Shang Dynasty succeeded the Xia Dynasty, which was a legendary ruling family from approximately 2070 BCE to about 1600 BCE. We have no surviving written records for the Xia, although they probably did have a writing system. Archaeological evidence from the Erlitou sites does give support to the idea that a complex culture had already arisen in northern China at this time. Fortunately for us, the Shang have left some slightly clearer records than their Xia predecessors did. The traditional sources for the Shang era include the Bamboo Annals and the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian. These records were written much, much later than the Shang period, however; Sima Qian wasnt even born until around 145 to 135 BCE.  As a result, modern historians were quite skeptical even about the existence of the Shang Dynasty until archaeology miraculously provided some proof. In the early 20th century, archaeologists found an early form of Chinese writing that was inscribed (or in rare cases painted) onto turtle shells or large, flat animal bones like the shoulder blades of oxen. These bones were then put into a fire, and the cracks that developed from the heat would help a magical diviner to predict the future or tell their customer whether their prayers would be answered.   Called oracle bones, these magical divination tools provided us proof that the Shang Dynasty really did exist.  Some of the seekers who asked questions of the gods via the oracle bones were the emperors themselves or officials from the court  so we even got confirmation of some of their names, along with rough dates when they were active. In many cases, the evidence from the Shang Dynasty oracle bones matched quite closely with the recorded tradition about that time from the Bamboo Annals and the Records of the Grand Historian. Still, it should not surprise anyone that there are still gaps and discrepancies in the imperial list below.  After all, the Shang Dynasty ruled China a very, very long time ago. China’s Shang Dynasty Cheng Tang, 1675 to 1646 BCEWai Bing, 1646 to 1644 BCEZhong Ren, 1644 to 1640 BCETai Jia, 1535 to 1523 BCEWo Ding, 1523 to 1504 BCETai Geng, 1504 to 1479 BCEXiao Jia, 1479 to 1462 BCEYong Ji, 1462 to 1450 BCETai Wu, 1450 to 1375 BCEZhong Ding, 1375 to 1364 BCEWai Ren, 1364 to 1349 BCEHe Dan Jia, 1349 to 1340 BCEZu Yi, 1340 to 1321 BCEZu Xin, 1321 to 1305 BCEWo Jia, 1305 to 1280 BCEZu Ding, 1368 to 1336 BCENan Geng, 1336 to 1307 BCEYang Jia, 1307 to 1290 BCEPan Geng, 1290 to 1262 BCEXiao Xin, 1262 to 1259 BCEXiao Yi, 1259 to 1250 BCEWu Ding, 1250 to 1192 BCEZu Geng, 1192 to 1165 BCEZu Jia, 1165 to 1138 BCELin Xin, 1138 to 1134 BCEKang Ding, dates of reign unclearWu Yi, 1147 to 1112 BCEWen Ding, 1112 to 1102 BCEDi Yi, 1101 to 1076 BCEDi Xin, 1075 to 1046 BCE

Television and Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Television and Children - Essay Example This was agreed on by a number of agencies including the US Surgeon General, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Medical Association, the American Psychology Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics and many other scientific and public health agencies and organizations. Kunkel reports on three major conclusions of a National Television Violence Study which was carried out. The first was that the incidence of violence is indeed very high. According to the study 60% of approximately 10,000 programs sampled in the study contained violent material. The researchers identified an average of 6,000 violent interactions in a single week on 23 channels. The study also pointed out that the way in which violence is presented on television increases the harmful risk to children. The reasons suggested for this were that the harm caused by the violence on television is not portrayed realistically. The way violence is presented understates how much harm these acts in reality cause the victim. It also shows violence performed by role model who show no remorse and suffer no repercussions for their aggressive behavior. The third conclusion of the study was also worrisome. The portrayal of violence has remained consistent over the past years. This stability indicates that efforts are not effective to change the portrayal of violence on television. The potential for violence on television to lead to aggressive behavior in children is not the only negative effect of television viewing in young children. Children can develop a fear of the world around them when they are exposed to violent and scary happenings on television. These images can be seen by children on regular television shows or even on the news. When children cannot distinguish between reality and fantasy they can become affected