Intercultural Communication Communication, And...

I feel the ability to communicate with people across different cultural backgrounds is a strength that I have developed over time. Intercultural communication is the term given to communication that takes place between people whose cultural beliefs values and behaviours differ from one another (Buchanan 2015, p. 44). Cultural knowledge that is developed through socialisation and transferred from one generation to the next, shapes the way people communicate both verbally and nonverbally. It influences an individual’s perception of the world which in turn impacts intrapersonal communication; self-talk, and interpersonal communication; expressing meaning in a variety of settings (Buchanan 2015, p. 34; Kreunus et al. 2011, p. 48). When a person constructs meaning from a message, they attempt to understand what is spoken, how it is spoken and the context of the communication (Kreunus et al. 2011, p. 48). Semantic barriers can occur during when people interpret a messages by associa ting the meaning to their own cultural understanding and knowledge in order for it to make sense to them (ibid; Tylor, Kossen Charmaine 2005, p. 271). The following principles can be applied to improve intercultural communication and increase cultural sensitivity; remove cultural barriers; decrease ethnocentrism, challenge biases and stereotypes, avoiding over-attribution bias, be aware of cultural differences to adjust communication (Buchanan 2015, p. 43; Tylor, Kossen Charmaine 2005, p. 269). AsShow MoreRelatedIntercultural Interpersonal Communication And Intercultural Communication Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pagesconcepts, one of which being the differences between intercultural and interpersonal communication. Intercultural communication is defined as â€Å"the process that occurs when members of two or more cultures or co-cultures exchange messages in a manner that is influenced by their different cultural perceptions and symbol systems, both verbal and nonverbal† (Adler et al., 2015, pg. 40). While most interactions seem to have some sense of intercultural aspect due to the great diversity not only in race butRead MoreInterpersonal Communication, Intercultural Communication And Communication1699 Words   |  7 Pagesliving. My friend Vikas, told me everything he had to do and the struggles he conquered in order to make his own successful business here in the U.S. Some things he told be reminded me of interpersonal communication, intercultural communication, an d intracultural communication. He had to have a lot of communication with his friend who also happened to be from India and some new friends and colleagues he met through his journey. Of course there was homesickness and the occasional depression, but thatRead MoreIntercultural Communication And Interpersonal Communication844 Words   |  4 PagesIntercultural communication is defined as when people communicate with one another who have different cultures. They may differ because of their languages, beliefs, values, and behavioral characteristics (Bennett, 1998). The intercultural communication plays a key role in globalization. It will help organizations to have a long-term success if they can manage the cultural differences and intercultural cooperation effectively to conflicts. Increasing shared knowledge and dealing with miscommunicationRead MoreUnderstanding Intercultural Communication And Interpersonal Communication Essay847 Words   |  4 Pages4. Understanding intercultura l communication in interpersonal communication, greatly influence the way one delivers a message. For example, before one delivers a message, they have to take into consideration the receivers culture and whether it is high- or low- context. Knowing the difference between high- and low- context cultures is important. High-context cultures are collectivist cultures, and low-context cultures are individualistic cultures. Collectivist cultures believe that the group’s goalsRead MoreIntercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks By Samovar, Porter, Mcdaniel Roy1267 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural Communication Introduction According to the articles Intercultural communication stumbling blocks by Barna and Intercultural communication by Samovar, Porter, McDaniel Roy, describe the various challenges that are faced between communications of two individuals who come from different cultures. Notably, challenges that are faced by different people who come from different cultures exist due to the problem of the difference between the cultural norms. For instance, what is acceptableRead MoreDiscuss The 11 Common Areas Of Intercultural Misunderstanding1957 Words   |  8 Pages Case Study Analysis: Discuss the 11 Common Areas of Intercultural Misunderstanding Mirlande Jean-Pierre Davenport University MGMT 535 – Spring 1 2015 Dr. Beverly Pierce June 20, 2015) â€Æ' Abstract Nowadays, many companies have prompted business establishments to expand its network across cultures so that they can keep up being culturally competence in the internal business world (Vennapoosa, C., 2012, July). The importance of cross-cultural competence skill is becoming progressivelyRead MoreEffective Communication Within The Workplace1254 Words   |  6 Pagesbe effective communication between staff and managers from front line managers to high end managers. However, in workplaces all around the world. Employees often fail to address employees effectively and often as a direct result. Employees either make mistakes or purposely choose to disregard orders. To reinforce this statement managers still evaluate that there is a clear failure of effective communication within the workplace still is a large problem. Because of this communication in the workplaceRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash By Paul Haggis Essay1305 Words   |  6 Pagessocial issue or things taught in class. In th is paper I will talk about the use of interpersonal, intercultural concepts, racism/stereotyping and Knapps conflict strategies. The main characters in this movie all connect with each other and they don’t even know it .In â€Å"Crash† taking place in Los Angeles, there are 10 Important characters that all end up connected to each other through interpersonal communication. You have two white LAPD officers John and Hansen, the African-American couple CameronRead MoreDiversity Within The Workplace And How Communication Is The Driving Force Behind It Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity in the workplace and how communication is the driving force behind it. Workplace diversity can be described as â€Å"all the differences in age, gender, sexual orientation, education, cultural background, religion, and life experience† (Okora Washington, 2012, as cited in Mulkeen, 2008). Another functional definition of diversity is being cultural, racial, or sex-based. An organization’s definition and viewpoint concerning diversity guides the strength of its employees to connect and communicateR ead MoreMy Intercultural Communication Skills Of Multicultural Communications2464 Words   |  10 Pagesvery rough at times. However, the inborn education and skills of multicultural communications were priceless for me. Due to my diverse background, I was able to build a very important ability, which is the intercultural communication competence. This capacity helps one to correctly interact with people of different groups, races, sexual orientation, ethnicities, religions, and so on. In my case, my intercultural communication competence was largely affected and evolved by the four specific aspects that

Rhetorical Analysis Of On The Briefcase, Poor Americans...

Rhetorical Analysis Essay: â€Å"On The Briefcase, Poor Americans Have ‘Prove’ Themselves,† In Margaret Lyons’s Vulture article, â€Å"On the Briefcase, Poor Americans have to ‘Prove’ Themselves,† was posted on May 26, 2015. Lyons discusses how ‘The Briefcase’ follows â€Å"Middle Class† American families that are experiencing financial hardships. The context of this article is economical situations present in American â€Å"middle class† families, as represented on a television show viewed all over the world. Lyons exigence is how the game show is purposely exploiting middle class Americans are using their setbacks against each other. She supports her claims with the ethos through opinionated information such as the real reason why the briefcase actually helps middle class people; logos, sharing the evidence on Les Moonves on how they make more money than the game show does in a month, pathos; how a woman is so overcome with joy she vomits. Initially, Lyons begins her article with an ethical appeal as she shares the exploitation of middle class Americans. As she began to get in depth with how the game show is an embarrassment, she shows only in view of the argument, which is disagreeing with everything that they are doing. The game show is a disappointment to society, the show lets us think that they are helping middle class families. Lyons stated, But there s something really perverse about Les Moonves earning money based on the emotional and financial anguish of poor people, by

The Accounting in Global Organization Economic Development Samples for

Question: What is the Global Organization and Change of the Accounting ? Answer: Introduction For the economic development a standardized high quality financial accounting and reporting practice governed by law is utmost necessary. Ethics, auditing and financial accounting based on highest qualities are the real reason why investors invest and depend on such financial information. Combining national and international standards is a common scenario today. To adopt such international standards companies often face many challenges. This literature review is to study such issues and challenges faced. Following are some of these challenges:- Regulatory challenges and the adoption of these regulatory standards on an international and national level. Gap bridging in between the accounting practices which are being done and the research methodology prevalent in the world of academics. Cultural constraints and challenges in adoption of certain accounting practices and its implementation. Role of accounting and its link with the macro political economy Comparing and Contrasting Literature Economic Scenario One of the major determinants in the growth and expansion of the accounting profession in a country is its various economical conditions. This has been a subject of discussion hence, As per Belkaoui (Belkaoui, 1983) for example it is argued that as there occurs development in economies, communicating of economical data and various accounting functions for easement becomes crucial elements. There have been other similar arguments made by Mhedhbi and Zeghal (Zeghal and Mhedhbi, 2006) that where economic expansions are high, in such countries measurement of accountancy and its social function used as a tool to measure communicating is relatively important. The basis of these arguments are such that ir bases itself on economic developments which are more advanced and which can be connected with disclosure and financial reporting practices which are of very high levels. Countries which has low economic growth there economic activities involved is very less and the profession of accounting is underdeveloped as per Salter and Doupnik (Doupnik and Salter, 1995). In terms of strategic planning and leadership organizations must find whether finance and the organization both have adequate understanding as well as funding for supporting the fair value creation process expenditure requirements.Technologically, whether accounting is having enough access to the various technical tools and capabilities based on which accurate, timely and standard information and recommendations are made (Wong, 2014). In regards to human capital whether accounting division of the global organization have enough knowledge and resources capable enough for ensuring a continuity in support from its business partner. Regulatory Standards In the international level accounting practices and procedures can be adopted and implemented by an organization basing itself on factors which are exclusive to that particular country. For an instance, law, politics, economics, culture and regulations are such factors. many times companies face the implementation of such regulatory standards as they believe some changes are needed to be made in the international regulations and standards to sync it with the specifications at the national levels. Another example can be given in this regard. Suppose, in a country determining taxable income is one of the top aim of national accounting practices and standards. The financial statements which are formed are serving the capital market requirements. This can differ from the local requirements of the local tax authorities. These are the various accounting standards which are aimed in suggesting some rules or some accountancy related measurements that one needs to consider while undergoing ac counting calculations. These are sort of legislations and guides based on which accounting practices are conducted. For example, while preparing financial statements having adequate disclosures as per the Companies Act 1956 these standards must be in compliances with Accounting Standards (Icsi, 2013). The main responsibility in this regard remains with the auditor who is in charge of the formation of such financial statements. As per Lawrence (Lawrence, 1996) legal system of a nation or a country impacts its accounting profession and its growth either directly or indirectly. This is because based on the legal needs of a country its accounting is developed. It is the government who determines such requirements. In some countries the legislations and the government is also engaged in forming accounting rules and certain procedures (Adagye, Azagaku and Umbugadu, 2015). For an instance income tax related law of a country can be influenced by the various practices of accounting. Gaps As per theorist Ryan (Ryan, 2008) there is a gap which occurs persistently in between how the academic world researches and how in practice accounting is being performed by global organizations. Governance of valuation of assets and entities which are off-balance sheets are two crucial requirements of financial reporting. Although these seems to be mundane affairs, yet in account the survival of an organizations dealing in finances depends on how well they balance the valuation of their assets and how well they engage into auditing consolidating off balance sheet entities. Major controversies are prevalent in the rules of fair ways of accounting which needs every global organization or national organization to declare the value of their financial assets honestly. Moreover as per Boyer (Boyer, 2007) such fairness of accountancy valuation leads to excessive credit expansions this encouraging risk taking of pro cyclical natures. Cultural Challenges For thousands of years culture has been a crucial subject of observation and research as it affects every human activities. Culture, by definition as per the theory of Hofstede (Hofstede, 2007) is a thought process which is collective in nature which differentiates people belonging to one society from another.The theory of Hofstede further categorises culture into the extent into which members in a society accepts power of institutions present in it, the extent to which people in as society fears uncertainties, individualism and collectivism comparisons and comparisons on masculinity over feminism.In accounting practices executed by global organizations are also affected by such cultural differences. Such differences are not minor differences which are affecting harmonization of policies on a global level. Rather these are effecting majorly in auditing assumptions about the integrity of financial information on an international level. Accounting figures in Uk and in America if they m ean different then it can cause major hurdles in practicing accounting. Macro Political Economy Discussion about the link between fair valuation in accounting and its impact on macro political economy has been going on in the world for long. The pressures which have been excreted on the various accounting standards must along with financial reporting include financial stability as well. As per Jules Muis (Muis, 2008) firms dealing in accountancy must make reports on any systematic risks which they come across while performing accounting practices as these can be the various upcoming threats that can hamper the organized operations of the financial markets. Theoretically still, primary account research has not been able to interpret the interrelationship between accountant and the macro political economy. However traditionally these are the reduction of any asymmetries occurring in between financial information which can affect the world capital market. There are theoretical perspectives of understanding this. The basis of political economy is to study accountancy and the effect s of the various conflicts of the society on it. This is also interrelation with the entire capitalistic societies present. As per Bryer (Bryer, 1993) there are many foundations and theories which helps understanding the inter relationship in between capitalism development and accountancy in different time periods. Corruptions On a global level accounting faces the challenges from the corruptions prevalent in the world of financing. As per the theory of Enmenyonu (Enmenyonu, 2007) it is a problem which exists universally and is completely related to human beings. Corruption is present in all the countries which are existing in this entire world. Pervasive levels of corruption also exist in some countries where any other growth or progress becomes difficult due to its presence. Progress in the sector of accounting thus also becomes weak in such countries. In the viewpoint of Wallace (Wallace, 1992) a city where corruption is at its highest levels, there can be instances where global concerns are not permitted to execute auditing practices as the people engaged in corruption are highly violent and dishonest. Similarities in Theories The three theories in relation to economic scenario are all right and there is a direct relationship in how the economic condition of a place measures the expansion and advancement of the accountancy profession related to the place. From earliest of times of civilization accountancy has been placing itself with social and economical environments all of which are governing features amongst individuals. Additionally, theories expressed in terms of issues such as regulations and corruption in the world both of which has an impact on the accounting profession are completely right in their own respects. It is true that regulations can either boost the effectiveness of the accounting profession and the implementation of its theories while corruption on the other hand alone can stop its use completely. More and more researches and theories made focuses on finding the role played by various accounting firms in the occurrences of such crisis and challenges. The economical financialization whi ch has taken place in last century not only covers financial institutions and banks but also accounting firms directly related to it. Differences and Conclusions Drawn by Some Theorists The theorists view on the gaps which exists in between real world accounting practices and how it is researched in the academic world calls for advises made to accounting scholars for being more critical, normative and descriptive in their approaches of reporting. The theories are similar in their basic thought process where the various accounting professional are asked to make their judgments on valuations for explicit for determining real world actions of accountancy. However what in the real world is witnessed in regards to the accounting theories are different. Financial reporting and accounting has developed in different ways. Depending on quantitative databases this can lead to developments which fail in the real world. The business environment is increasingly becoming more complex day by day. Hence, new challenges are being created while meaningful information is being accumulated. The world's most successful global organizations are those which are efficiently combating such challenges. They are encouraging more and moder departments of the business to do partnerships with various financial organizations. This will enhance business support and will derive better insights for these business. Most of the theories stated here are similar in this study. Overall all over the world theorists are busy studying the challenges which accounting practices face. The financial organizations must realize that these hurdles or obstacles are common by nature (Bhimani and Bromwich, 2009). All financial activities depends on these challenges and hence the organizations must study all the aspects of standards, leadership, technological and human capital related challenges it faces. Conclusion The entire study has helped in making identifications of the various threats and challenges and theories of accounting practices occurring in global organizations. It is concluded that such threats and challenges can be a hurdle on the development of such a profession. Hence to stabilize a countrys financial area and aid in its economic growth understanding of such threats is necessary (Arnold, 2009). Especially in today's world which is driven by globalization, the need to identify the challenges global organizations face with respect to accounting and finances is mandatory. Although the various professionals belonging to accountancy practices are recommended to be more proactive in their approaches in managing the various hurdles, practices and advancements in a better way, it is also recommended that the regulators and governing bodies must consider the various objectives of accountancy practices and come up with common legislations and standards. The shortcomings which the world is facing in speculating the current crisis of finances occurring in the world limits the ability of analyzing, responding and interpreting these as it goes on unfolding itself. It is only accounting scholars who has the right positioning for using knowledge and intricacies of the various rules of accounting observing the various social and political nature of such practices. Observing these they can rightfully explain how reevaluation is needed to be made in the various agendas of the researches made with respect to this crisis subject. References Adagye , I., Azagaku, B and Umbugadu, S. (2015). Threats and Challenges to Accounting Profession. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences. 5 (4), pp96-104. Arnold, P. J. (2009). Global financial crisis: The challenge to accounting research. Journal of Accounting, Organizations and Society . 34 (1), p803-809. Belkaoui, A. (1983). Economic, political and civil indicators and reporting and disclosure adequacy:Empirical investigation.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, (2), 356-412. Bryer, R. A. (1993). The late nineteenth-century revolution in financial reporting: Accounting for the rise of investor or managerial capitalism? Accounting Organizations and Society, 18 (7/8), 649690 Bhimani, A and Bromwich, M (2009). Management accounting in a digital and global economy: the interface of strategy, technology, and cost information . 4th ed. UK: Oxford University Press. p1-50. Boyer, R. (1990).The regulation school: a critical introduction. New York: Columbia University Press Doupnik, T. S., Salter, S. B. (1995). External environment and accounting practice: a preliminary test of a general model of international accounting development. The International Journal of Accounting, Education and Research, 30(2), 189-207 Emenyonu, E. (2007). The Accounting profession, the Church and the Nigerian State: Potent Change Agents for National Rebirth. Covenant University Public Lecture Series (14). Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J. (2007). Kultury i organizacje. Zaprogramowanie umys?u. Warszawa: Warszawa. (2013). COMPANY ACCOUNTS, COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING. Available: https://www.icsi.edu/Webmodules/Publications/Company%20Accounts,%20Cost%20and%20Management%20Accounting.pdf. Last accessed 2nd May 2017. Muis, J. (2008). Written submission to the Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession, US Department of Treasury, Washington, DC, May 23. Ryan, S. G. (2008). Accounting in and for the subprime crisis.The Accounting Review, 83 (6), 16051638 Wallace, R. S. O. (1992). Growing Pains of Indigenous Accountancy Profession: The Nigerian Experience. Accounting, business and Financial History, 2(1) Wong, P. (2014). CHALLENGES AND SUCCESSES IN I PLEMENTING INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS. Available: https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/ifac_report_challengesuccess_111004.pdf. Last accessed 2nd May 2017. Zeghal, D., Mhedhbi, K. (2006). An analysis of the factors affecting the adoption of international accounting standards by developing countries. The International Journal of Accounting, (41), 373386

The Crucible Act free essay sample

This meant that God chose each person from birth for salvation or damnation. Only God knew the fate of a person and nothing you did would change it. They lived very strict lives that adhered to the divine law and you were condemned if you didn’t obey it. 2. When Abigail accuses Tituba of witchcraft just to get the pressure off of her and so that they would stop asking her questions. More evidence is found when we discover the affair between Abigail and proctor which could be the reason why Abigail tries to hide the truth about what really happened. An alternative is that they just wanted to do something daring and fun because Puritans were very strict and they didn’t have that much freedom. Or they wanted to use witchcraft to make potions to get men to fall in love with them. 3. Reverend Paris is the minister of Salem. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Act or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He caught his daughter Betty, Ruth Putnam, and Abigail Williams dancing with Tituba in the woods. He thinks they were performing witchcraft and now he’s worried that he’ll be kicked out of the town for having a witch as a daughter. He is a paranoid, attention seeking, self-absorbed person. Most people in the town don’t like him. 4. Thomas Putnam was a very wealthy man who wanted to increase his wealth buy accusing people of witchcraft and then buying their land. Ann Putnam is Thomas Putnam’s wife who is woman who has experienced many deaths and has bad dreams. She thinks that witchcraft was the reason that she had 7 stillborn children, so she’s okay with blaming these deaths on the supernatural and wants justice for the â€Å"wicked doings† of someone else. Ruth Putnam is the only surviving child of the Putnams. She fell ill along with Betty after Reverend Parris found them dancing in the woods. Ruth goes to Tituba to conjure spirits so she’d be able to communicate with her dead siblings because her mother asked her to. 5. It became suspicious when we found out that Elizabeth didn’t want to sit near Abigail (whom she fired), despite the fact that Abigail has denied doing anything wrong. The commentary gives us a bit of background information and helps us understand some of the things going on in the story. On page 1241 the 5 paragraphs of commentary go into detail about Thomas Putnam, discussing his background life and personality. From this commentary we now know that Putnam was very wealthy and he felt like he had superiority over everyone else. He has a vindictive, revengeful, and bitter personality. This gives us insight into the character so that we can deeply understand them which will help us grasp the story better.

Emperor Constantine essays

Emperor Constantine essays Constantine was born at Naissus in the province of Moesia Superior on February 27, 272 or 273. Constantius, Constantines father, was a military officer. Constantines mothers name was Helena and was known to be a humble person. Throughout his life, Constantine proved himself to the Roman people. On March 1st of 293, he exceeded the rank of Caesar. Shortly after, he married Theodora, the daughter of Maximian. When Diocletian retired on May 1st of 305, Constantine made the rank of Augustus. In 306, when Constantines father Constantius Chlorus died, Constantine was announced Augustus by his troops at York. Galerius (Constantines opponent) refused to accept Constantine. This didnt last long. In 308, Constantine was required to give up his title and return to the rank of Caesar. He refused, and to prove himself, he went campaigning against the Germans. He marched his German armies into Gaul, and forced Maximian to flee to Massilia. Maximian was Faustas father, which was Constantines wife. Maximian either committed suicide of was executed in 310. The persecution of Christians was had already begun (started in 303). Constantine supported the Christians. He put an end to the persecution of Christians by the Edict of Mulan in 313. One night when Constantine and his army were on a march toward Rome, it has been said that Christ appeared to Constantine and told him to place the heavenly sign on the battle standards of his army. He then told his men to place a cross on their shield for battle. He later learned the cross was the symbol of the Christian Faith. From that day forward, Constantine was committed to the Christian Faith. Just before the tenth anniversary of his approval from the Senate as Emperor, the Arch of Constantine was finished. There were many celebrations. All sacrifices to the pagan gods were not allowed. Constantine defeated Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge in 312. The op...

Demography - Statistical Study of Human Populations

Demography - Statistical Study of Human Populations Demography is the statistical study of human populations. It includes the study of the size, structure, and distributions of different populations and changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death. It also includes the analysis of the relationships between economic, social, cultural, and biological process influencing a population. The field of sociology draws on huge bodies of data generated by a variety of sources, including the U.S. Census Bureau. Demography is widely used for various purposes and can encompass small, targeted populations or mass populations. Governments use demography for political observations, scientists use demography for research purposes, and businesses use demography for the purpose of advertising. Statistical concepts essential to demography include birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, fertility rate, and life expectancy. These concepts can be further broken down into more specific data, such as the ratio of men to women and the life expectancy of each gender. A census helps provide much of this information, in addition to vital statistic records. In some studies, the demography of an area is expanded to include education, income, the structure of the family unit, housing, race or ethnicity, and religion. The information gathered and studied for a demographic overview of a population depends on the party utilizing the information. From the census and vital statistics gathered using a wide variety of sources, sociologists can create a picture of the U.S. population – who we are, how we are changing, and even who we will be in the future.

Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Globalisation - Essay Example Cities in Australia such as Perth and Brisbane offer attractive investment opportunities to potential investors leading to the rise in capital growth rate. Australian cities like Melbourne, Adelaide, Bribane and Perth are also known for the low cost of living prevailing compared to other capital cities in the world. These Australian cities are ranked top 30 globally for the high life quality. Current exchange rates against other currencies are exceedingly friendly in Australia hence making it ideal for foreign investors who wish to make purchases in Australia. The explanation for this is that they have the capacity to buy more than what they would have bought in their own countries with the same amount. Low interest rates in its economy enable investors get big loans from banks, which thereafter yield significant returns that boost the country’s GDP. The Australian government put a lot of money into available growth opportunities hence making it possible for the countryâ€℠¢s economy to survive economic hard times (McLean 7). Question 2 Although Australia is ranked as one of the best-performed economies in the developed world, its citizens are pessimistic about their economy. Some of its citizens thinks that their economy over-rely on non-renewable natural resources for energy used both locally and for export,they claim that they may run at a loss when coal deposits are depleted from the mines. Other citizens do not enjoy the use of coal as a source of energy in their country, they claim that use of coal is one of the major contributors of global warming hence they ask the government to invest on other modes of energy production. Australian’s economy is dominated by small to medium sized enterprises. The entire country’s population thinks that these SME’s lack proper management teams compared to larger companies hence performing poorly in the economy. The citizens think that government should provide relevant training to the entre preneurs to improve their performance. Further still, many citizens perceive the strength of the country’s currency negatively. They believe that it blamable for increasing unemployment rates as many people have lost their jobs in leading companies like Toyota. This has exposed how fragile the manufacturing sector is. Country’s economists blame the Australian dollar for damaging the market at international level. This is because, of the increase of prices of Australian goods. As a consequence, the demand of country’s locally produced goods is decreasing with a notable rate (Martin 1). Citizens have also noted that its government has not put enough money on technology development hence importing more than exports on ICT. Government is also blamed for making its IT purchases outside the country, yet same equipments are available in local companies. Question 3 China’s economic growth and technological advancement have drawn investors’ and governmentâ €™s interest. As such, Australia should take the lead and welcome Chinese’s increasing foreign investment. Australia benefits from it both directly and indirectly. Given that Australia do not invest much on ICT, China gets to supply them with the ICT equipment since it is known as an of the ICT equipments exporter. If Australia accepts to trade with China government, it will get a chance to negotiate better prices on its ICT purchases hence reducing import costs. Australia also exports its

The New Testament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The New Testament - Essay Example The purpose of such a fulfillment is the witness of the disciple being taught that he or she should be salt and light. The foundational basis for witness is heart attitude or beatitude as popularly known. Eight attitudes of blessedness or four pairs are given to the disciple, which will cause them to be the influence they need to be, while enjoying blessedness. Verse 5 is just one of the eight stating, â€Å"Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.† Jesus or the gospel writer reporting Jesus goes directly to basic precept of being an influence for maximum impact and recall, and then builds the argument in a manner which is recognizable to any Jew of that day, with the purpose of testimony and Christ likeness placed consequent to the basic precepts of life being elucidated. B. Form of this passage: The content and form of this passage is a typical of a sermon by Jesus where he reads out a text and then sits down, whereby he invites them for a closer look into what he has spoken about. In terms of the source there is only a single obvious parallel of this verse and style, which is in Luke 6 (Though closer scrutiny shows connectivity to many writing of the OT). Based on the two source theory, if disciple Matthew and Doctor Luke had sources for these it would have been ‘Q’ and not Mark. â€Å"The evidence points to the fact that both Matthew and Luke were referring to the same passage. â€Å"Luke 6:17 means a "plateau" in a mountainous area 21 and there are striking similarities between the two sermons, then how do we reconcile Matthew's "Blessed are the poor in spirit" and Luke's "Blessed are the poor"? Must one be more historical than the other on the basis of redaction critical criteria? Not on the basis of an evangelical use of the tools. Matthew is emphasizing the spiritual side and Luke the economic side of the same original saying. In other words, both are equally historical.† (Osborne, 199) C. Structure: While paral lelism is a Hebraic poetic style and The New Testament is written in Greek it must not be forgotten that it is quoting Jesus who is from a Hebraic cultural milieu. Hebraic poetic parallelism does not use rhyming words but rhyming ideas and there is great merit in seeing Matthew 5:3-10 through this lens D. Redaction: While redaction refers to the author acting as an editor to suit the original content to his own objectives for writing, it does not necessarily mean that the content is rendered corrupt. If this argument is to be based on the two-source theory, then there is the possibility that Matthew arranged chapter 5 to show logical continuity of the Old Testament in the new historical setting to set Jesus above the pharisaic figures and the pharisaic teachings. This is well stated by Robert Imperato â€Å" While Pharisees were claiming that their lifestyle and teachings were the fulfillment of Jewish life, Matthew’s Gospel was claiming that Jesus was the fulfillment of Jew ish life (Imperato, 16) E. Keywords: From the point of view that Matthew has used parallelism, the keywords of 5:5 would be â€Å"Meek† and â€Å"Inherit the earth†. The other keyword that needs to be considered is â€Å"Blessed† in terms the context of the passage as well as the verse being exegeted. These words then have to be understood in terms of it’

Vision Quest Essay Example for Free

Vision Quest Essay SUMMARY Its my first time to walk alone, in first 30 minutes in doing my vision quest there is a little harder it my part mostly in my mind, because while I am walking my childhood experience flashback in my mind, seriously I don’t want to remind again my childhood day, because that part of my life are one of the worst part that I ever had, I cant experience the happy and complete family during that time, because of that in this part of my quest mix feeling happen to me ,boredom and a little anxious maybe because of the negative thoughts creating in my mind ,and when I stop at playground I’m just like a child want to play but I control my self, maybe because I’m to old to that in I’m only one person in that place, and I’m just thinking that if any person see me and play at the playground I’m very aware what they are feedback to me. In this quest I’m also feel the day dreaming while walking I saw a various car and I imagine that in the future I have my own car in this part my mind change into positive because car motivate me to pursue my self to finish and studying hard, but during I’m walking the fliers that two guy gave to me change my attention because that fliers are about job hiring and I’m thinking that I want to have a car I says if I apply possible this is the opportunity the me to buy a car but my favorite quotation insert into my mind its about ‘ Opportunity my knock once only, But temptation leans on the doorbell ‘ and my attention back to my study I ask to my self if I finish my study not only car but also a good job waiting to me, and I think in my quotation the opportunity is my scholarship now and the temptation during that time are the fliers that impose to me to apply a work. It also flashback into my mind the words that says my classmate about the 5 students failed in Educ. 7 subject. I feel the hopeless because I’m thinking maybe one the 5 are me, I feel nervous and a little anxious I says if that happen I don’t know what I doing to my self ,the word suicide insert to my mind but later on it change into positive I says I’m not belong to the 5 students I experience a paranoid feeling because of lot of people walk in road and I’m thinking those people look at me and there think something to me and noise of many vehicles’ distract to me to think positive because of this I stop and relaxed my mind to divert my thinking into positive and probably it very helpful to me because my thoughts slowly divert into positive, At the last of my vision quest I think this are the very learning part and it gives me a clearly meaning of my life, first before I end up at overpass at Ligaya road Marcos highway the thoughts insert in my mind the paranoid part of my experience while I’m walking, I says I don’t care other people what thoughts creating in there mind, what I doing now I’m happy and who they are in my self. And when I stop at center of overpass it about 5; 30 PM the climate are to hot because of pollution created a lot vehicle in road and I look up into the sky and I says God how long I experience a risk and difficulty in my life, and a few seconds I turn my head in the other side of the over pass and I saw the ‘pulubi’ and I feel mixed emotion anger and ‘awa’, and I realize that I’m so blessed because I’m not like a ‘pulubi’ they much ‘kawawa’ than to me and in my case I much a lot of opportunity than to her. In ag ain I say to god .thank for what I have now, I learn to this quest a acceptance and learn by the experience, other person blame experience put their into worst situation, but they not realize that experience are best to have a good foundation of our life, other person they not accept what they have now like me .in my quest it give me a clear thoughts or insight that anything happen are helpful to us, it put us in good not to worst ,learning by experience give us a positive direction it remind us that anything that we do always thing if it for better not to worst. Accept what we are now and what we have also clarify into me because sometimes I ask question into my self the word Why, What and How in my vision quest it clearly that those word are no place in my life, I realize that all things happen to me are so blessed. THE SIGN I attempt only one time to use sign in order to answer the creating question into my mind in that was the part that I feel hopeless, anxious, because of the humors ask by my classmate about the result of the grading in one of my subject ,its to very realistic things that if I’m not studying hard I failed. In that part I says if I see a checked sign it means I’m not belong to the five students, and I’m not expected I see the truck of Brand Nike and I slowly smile and creating a questioned how very significant the sign in my situation. But I realize and say I’m not included in five students because I know in my self that I pass and submit all the requirements in that subject, that’s why my negative feelings slowly calm and I continuing doing my vision. In our Biblical theology before they use sign in order to know what god want to us to people in part of Moises before they will do an act they ask a sign to god. In my experience about my quest sign are only help me to calm my negative thoughts, but the truth is all things happen are totally done sign cant change the result, I learn that always aware what is consequences’ in what we are doing in my case that if I study hard of course in return it will give me a good benefits as well. THEORITICAL EXPLANATION Individual experience create a tremendous effect of the attitude, personality and behavior of an individual it very important that in life of individual they experience a complete positively life situation. If one person experience during their childhood, incomplete attachment to their family it will result a negative thoughts and insight , if that person attain the right age what they are experience during childhood it triggers and it cause of Anxiety, hopeless in life and sometimes being paranoid. Anxiety develop during they childhood when they feel fear and no one of their family help the child to reduce fear it develop anxiety to the child. Although fear is leads to increase in affiliative behavior, anxiety is more likely to lead to a reduced need for affiliation. Feel hopeless these negative thoughts develop when individual childhood experience the discomfort of their family, it very important to the child part the comport that the child family give, once the affection of the parents cant feel the child later on it develop hopeless because the child cant complete achieve the love by their parents. Paranoid develop during childhood when their parents always the child here a folk story a horror story it develop to the mind of the child not healthy environment that may cause paranoid later on it triggers and they think a not normal to their environment. In order to be a healthy the mind of the child it very important if we are aware how the help them to have a good mind set, childhood are important for development also as individual be concern of what they adapt not only to the environment but the most important is to their own family, character and personality are mold inside the house or the family if the child leaving in not healthy the result also is the unhealthy personality or attitude and behaviors. The existential tradition seeks a balance between recognizing the limits and tragic dimensions of human existence on one hand and the possibilities and opportunities of human life on the other hand. It grew out of a desire to help people engage the dilemmas of contemporary life, such as isolation, alien-ation, and meaninglessness. The current focus of the existential approach is on the individual’s experience of being in the world alone and facing the anxiety of this isolation. The existential view of human nature is captured, in part, by the notion that the significance of our existence is never fixed once and for all; rather, we continually re-create ourselves through our projects. Humans are in a constant state of transition, emerging, evolving, and becoming. Being a person implies that we are discovering and making sense of our existence. We continually question ourselves, others, and the world. Although the specific questions we raise vary in accordance with our developmental stage in life, the fundamental themes do not vary. We pose the same questions philosophers have pondered throughout Western history: â€Å"Who am I?† â€Å"What can I know?† â€Å"What ought I to do?† â€Å"What can I hope for?† â€Å"Where am I going?† The basic dimensions of the human condition, according to the existential approach, include (1) The capacity for self-awareness; (2) Freedom and responsibility; (3) Creating one’s identity and establishing meaningful relationships with others; (4) The search for meaning, purpose, values, and goals; (5) Anxiety as a condition of living; and (6) Awareness of death and nonbeing. I develop these propositions in the following sections by summarizing themes that emerge in the writings of existential philosophers and psychotherapists, and I also discuss the implications for counseling practice of each of these propositions.

The Drosophilia Hydei Essay -- Biology, Fruit Fly

Drosophila hydei, commonly known as the fruit fly, is about 3mm long and typically found near unripe or rotted and fermenting fruit. Its body is segmented into 3 different sections and covered in an exoskeleton. It has six legs, two small antennae, one pair of wings (which extend slightly over its rear), and large, red compound eyes. The complex, compound eyes permit D.hydei to see in many directions, allowing it to sense food or potential dangers (Miller 2000). Its eyes are sensitive to light intensity, therefore when shadows approach, signaling danger, the fly will flee or take flight (Demerec 1950; Miller 2000). Its body is a gray-brown color and shaped like an oblong oval, being larger in the front and narrowing toward the back. Tiny hairs cover the entire body, which allow the fly to sense movements in the air. These hairs alert them of disturbances such as approaching predators (Demerec 1950; Miller 2000). The pupae from which the Drosophila hydei hatch are orange-brown in color and are slightly larger than the adult fly. Males and females are differentiated by the stripes on the back of the males, as well as size. Males have broader stripes and tend to be smaller, whereas the stripes on a female are narrower and they will be larger in size (Miller 2000). In order to thrive, a food source of yeast and sugar must be present, as is the case with fermenting fruit. The mouth of D. hydei is specifically shaped in order to take up liquid food sources (Miller 2000). The range of Drosophila hydei is broad and it exists in many different habitats, ranging from temperate to wet forests (Bateman 1972). Since very cold temperatures are found to have negative effects on insect survival, Drosophila hydei is not found near th... ...fested by wasp parasites and other harmful microorganisms. Ants also pose a threat to the D. hydei, often carrying away the larvae, destroying their ability to survive (Bateman 1972). The predatorial relationship between ants and D. hydei larvae has a negative effect upon the fly, as they are being used as a food source, whereas the ant benefits, as it is getting a food source. Since Drosophila hydei is prey for so many species, its removal would be detrimental to the many species that prey upon it. Overall, Drosophila hydei is a unique species, capable of residing in a large range of habitats, temperature and light conditions. Much research has been done to determine the affect of abiotic factors upon these organisms. Differences in temperature and light in particular are shown to affect the behavior, growth and reproduction of the species.

Should Rich Nations Lend Aid to Poor Ones

Globalization is one of culprits causing greater development gaps among countries over the world, and the act of lending aid is remarkable behavior of rich nations to assist poor ones. To some people, rich nations should lend aid to poor ones because of its economic, diplomatic, politic and military advantages. Meanwhile, opponents claim that on account of their possibilities of financial distress in the future, they should not do so. I am of the former notion for the following reasons. The first reason for rich countries do lend aid to impoverished ones is economic advantage. By dint of this act, they can achieve particular preferences from recipients which other ones cannot have, such as: economic cooperation agreements in types of ODA , mineral exploitation priorities and so on. Furthermore, companies in rich nations also benefit through expanding consumption markets in abroad easily, opening new branches, production and assembly factories to take advantages of redundant natural resources and cheap-labor source that receiving countries possess. This is enormously meaningful to their economic development. The intensity in international relationship, in addition, is another benefit of this activity. As the result of financial assistance to each others, the relationships between countries becomes friendlier, which is the foundation of international integration, cooperation and peace Finally, these financial supports might provide developed countries with favorable conditions to affirm their positions both in the region and in the world. This allows them have enough authority to affect other ones politically and militarily, which is stepping-stone to implement their ambitions to become number one in the whole world.

Kinds of Music Essay

Music is no stranger to anyone, but have you ever asked someone as to what music is. If not, then try on but be prepared that you would not receive any definite answer from anyone. The dictionary defines music as ‘the art of arranging tones in an orderly sequence so as to produce a unified and continuous composition’. However, in the larger picture, the definition of music varies with culture, people, place or time. Music is sublime and too varied, leaving each individual with a different set of choice. For some music may be a source of relaxation, while for others it could be the means to let out their internal anguish. Even a person with the least inclination towards melody can recognize a piece of music instantly. With the diversity in the forms of music, here is a classification of some of the different types of music. It’s an art form whose medium is sound and silence. Its common elements are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. Classical music is the main form of music, and refers mainly to the music which prevailed in the world before the 20th century. Classical music is a complex form of music and requires intensive training and knowledge. Classical music may also refer to the local and folk music of any particular country or region. In the world of Western music, the works of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are defined as classical music. It’s a complex form of music as it requires skills like learning the ragas and ability to coordinate with other musicians. One has to maintain the complex relationship between its emotional flows. If you wish to learn it, then you have to go through proper training. Folk music includes both traditional music mirrors the needs, desire, likes, dislikes and life of the local people and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that. Certain types of folk music are also called world music. Folk music mostly depicts the struggle for survival and culture of the people. Country music is a genre that has evolved out of folk music. Bob Dylan’s songs have become anthem for people fighting against social injustice. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted by mouth, as music of the lower classes, and as music with unknown composers. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers; another is music that has been transmitted and evolved by a process of oral transmission or performed by custom over a long period of time. Rapping is a key ingredient in hip hop music and reggae, and has worked itself into mainstream and alternative rock music as well. It is generally spoken to a beat, either with backing music or acapella. Rap is a complex mix of influences, and includes elements of speech, prose, poetry, and song. If you appreciate the art form, have some talent, and want to learn how to rap, this article will help you build the foundation that will allow you to grow into a world-class rapper. Country music is genre of American popular music that originated in the rural regions of the Southern United States in the 1920s.[1] It takes its roots from southeastern American folk music, Western cowboy. Blues mode has been used extensively throughout its recorded history. Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjoes, electric and acoustic guitars, fiddles, and harmonicas. Rock music came into existence in the rock and roll era of the 1950s. Rock music has its focus mainly on guitars, drums and heavy vocals. However, use of piano, synthesizer, saxophone, flute, mandolin and sitar has also been witnessed in the modern rock era. These instruments are mainly used to create a deeper impact. Elvis Presley and The Beatles are considered to be the pioneers of rock music. Over the years, rock music has diversified into various genres like hard rock, metal rock, progressive rock etc. Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as â€Å"rock and roll† in 1950s America and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s’ and 1950s’ rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, c lassical and other musical sources. Disco is a genre of dance music. Disco acts charted high during the mid-1970s, and the genre’s popularity peaked during the late 1970s. Its initial audiences were club-goers from the African American, Latino, gay, and psychedelic communities in New York City and Philadelphia during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Disco also was a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. Women embraced disco as well, and the music eventually expanded to several other popular groups of the time. Pop rock is a music genre which mixes a catchy pop style and light lyrics in its (typically) guitar-based rock songs. There are varying definitions of the term, ranging from a slower and mellower form of rock music to a subgenre of pop music. Scholars have noted that pop and rock are usually depicted as opposites; the detractors of pop often deride it as a slick, commercial product, less authentic than rock music. Metal music emerged after the Second World War. Here the melody of the song is heavily influenced by the structure of the songs. While in rock music, songwriting is based within a form; in metal music, the central melody decides the structure of the song. It is also known as ‘information music’. Heavy metal music, also known as ‘information music’, started off after the Second World War. It includes various sub-genres, such as thrash metal, death metal, and black metal and so on. The most important requirement of a heavy metal band is the presence of at least one electronic guitarist. There may be a few soft and subtle pieces, but most of the songs are loud, fast and aggressive with some heavy use of the guitar and drums, and lot of screaming, mostly in death metal. Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath were some of the famous bands of this genre. Hip-hop music originated among the Black American during the 1970s, with a deep influence from the Jamaican music. Hip-hop employs bass as the main instrument and includes rapping and audio mixing. Bob Marley and Roberts Nesta Marley were the pioneers in popularizing hip-hop music. By 2000, hip-hop made its way to the world music charts, and now with the success of hip-hop artists like Eminem, 50 Cents, Usher and Akon, hip-hop is going places around the globe. Hip-hop music always includes the use of instruments such as guitar, violin, fiddle, piano, bass and drums. In this type of music, the bass is the main instrument. This can be used in different intensities to emote feelings of anger, pride and others. This type of music is the result of hip-hop culture and is known as hip-hop music. This music shows a heavy influence of Jamaican music. The roots of the music are found in African-American and West African music. It was first played by a group of traveling singers and poets of We st Africa. Trance music is characterized by fast beats, short melodic synthesizer phrases, and a musical form that varies up and down throughout a track. Trance music is mostly played in clubs and discotheques, for listeners to groove and dance. The name trance suggests the hypnotic effect of this type of music, and quite often gets associated with the use of drugs. Trance music is a combination of various forms of music such as industrial, techno, and house. Jazz music owes its origin to the African American communities in the Southern United States. Cornet, trumpet, saxophone, piano and violin are the main instruments used in jazz music. Jazz music carries a strong and intricate rhythm and is a lot influenced by the blues in terms of using components like blue notes and phrasing of melodies. Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald and Freddie Hubbard were some of the most famous jazz artists. This type of music is featured by strong and complex rhythms. The main instruments used for jazz music are cornet, trumpet or violins, which help carry the melody. This is a rhythmic music and has a forward momentum called â€Å"swing†. However, in this genre, the skilled performer interprets a tune in his own way. Techno music is also known as fusion music, is electronic dance music influenced from the African American styles like funk, electro and electric jazz. It was developed by a group known as â€Å"The Belleville Three†, initiated by Derrick May, Kevin Saunderson and Juan Atkins in the suburbs of Detroit. Among the various styles of techno that exists today, Detroit Techno is considered to be the base for all others. Techno music is mainly an instrumental genre that uses instruments like synthesizers, drum machines, multi-tracking and hardware sequencers for creating harmony. It features fast beats and this form was initiated by Juan Atkins, Kevin Saunderson and Derrick May. Opera music first emerged in Italy in the 1600s. This genre has a remarkable combination of theatrical art and musical invention and is specifically played in the theaters. This has greater appeal for its delightful orchestral accompaniment. The preludes and interludes of this music set the tone for the action on-stage.

Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Essays - Psychology, Cognition

Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Essays - Psychology, Cognition Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper April Barthel PSY360 October 31, 2016 Gerald Thauberger Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper What exactly is co gnitive psychology? Defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary , "a branch of psychology concerned with mental processes (as perception, thinking, learning, and memory) especially with respect to the internal events occurring between sensory stimulation and the overt expression of behaviorcompare " CITATION Edind \l 1033 (Editors, Merriam-Webster, n.d.) Cognitive psychology covers a broad range of topics like our thinking, attention, memory, language, our ability to be creative, and to solve problems. How we perceive things and ho w we think and reason are all part of the cognitive process. Cognitive psychology explores how the mind works, and also what establishes the mind. This eventually is how cognitive theory formed. A t least four key milestones that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline are the fall in behaviorism, the information processing model and computer metaphor , artificial intelligence and neuroscience. Another important factor in Cognitive Psychology is behavioral observation. Each of these factors contributed to and formed what we know of today as cognitive psychology. The Fir st milestone that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline is the fall of behaviorism. " There was great d issatisfaction with the behaviorist approach in its simple emphasis on external behavior rather than internal processes. " CITATION McL07 \l 1033 (McLeod, Cognitive Psychology, 2007) The cognitive approach gave people an insight into the why' aspect of different behaviors, whereas the behaviorist approach only looked as the external aspects. Behaviorism focused mostly on the observational aspect of psychology. CITATION SanND \l 1033 (San Diego Figure Skating Communications, N.D.) The behaviorist did not want to accept or come to terms with the internal part of the human mind. They also tested animals with no regards to finding out if there would be a different outcome with humans. Behavioral psychologist felt that a behavior is learned. An example of this would be Ivan Pavlov, teaching the dog to salivate when hearing the sound of a bell ringing. CITATION McL071 \l 1033 (McLeod, Pavlov's Dogs, 2007) He proved that a dog could be conditioned to learn to do things such as associate a bell with food which, in turn caused them to salivate more at the sound of a bell. The problem with this is that they did not ask the million-dollar question, Why?". With cognitive psychology, takes an internal look into the mind, not just of animals but humans also, to find out why they behave as they do. Cognitive psychologists use experiments to internally investigate the human psyche. Instead of looking at the external aspect of the behaviors, they take a more in-depth look at what happens between the input and output of the mediational process. The second milestone that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline is t he information processing model and computer metaphor. "Thecomputergave cognitive psychologists ametaphor, oranalogy, to which they could compare human mentalprocessing. Essentially, acomputer codes (i.e. changes)information, storesinformation, usesinformation, and produces an output (retrievesinfo)." CITATION McL07 \l 1033 (McLeod, Cognitive Psychology, 2007) With the invention of the computers, the way that they worked and their software gave psychologists a type of way to compare it to the human mind. The mind, like the computer, has a connection in which we have input (like seeing words on a paper), then codes it (changes it into information to be stored), and finally output (which is where we read the words on the paper). When we process the information in which we are consuming, they can be stored in the brain. The information can be stored and turned into memories, mental pictures, and different perceptions. All of the information that we intake are then changed by our senses so that it can be transformed, stored and retrieved when we deem it necessary. By using the information processing technique like this, humans compare to the workings of computers. The third milestone that contributed to the development of cognitive psychology as a discipline is artificial intelligence. " Artificial intelligence in cognitive psychology was the attempt to artificially create cognitive beings." CITATION Cog16 \l 1033 (Cognitive Science Department, 2016) With artificial intelligence (AI),

Chinese Emperors - Shang Dynasty

Chinese Emperors - Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty is the first Chinese imperial dynasty for which we have actual documentary evidence. Since the Shang is so very ancient, the sources are unclear. We dont even know for sure when the Shang Dynasty began its rule over the Yellow River Valley of China.  Some historians believe that it was around the year 1700 BCE, while others place it later, c. 1558 BCE. In any case, the Shang Dynasty succeeded the Xia Dynasty, which was a legendary ruling family from approximately 2070 BCE to about 1600 BCE. We have no surviving written records for the Xia, although they probably did have a writing system. Archaeological evidence from the Erlitou sites does give support to the idea that a complex culture had already arisen in northern China at this time. Fortunately for us, the Shang have left some slightly clearer records than their Xia predecessors did. The traditional sources for the Shang era include the Bamboo Annals and the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian. These records were written much, much later than the Shang period, however; Sima Qian wasnt even born until around 145 to 135 BCE.  As a result, modern historians were quite skeptical even about the existence of the Shang Dynasty until archaeology miraculously provided some proof. In the early 20th century, archaeologists found an early form of Chinese writing that was inscribed (or in rare cases painted) onto turtle shells or large, flat animal bones like the shoulder blades of oxen. These bones were then put into a fire, and the cracks that developed from the heat would help a magical diviner to predict the future or tell their customer whether their prayers would be answered.   Called oracle bones, these magical divination tools provided us proof that the Shang Dynasty really did exist.  Some of the seekers who asked questions of the gods via the oracle bones were the emperors themselves or officials from the court  so we even got confirmation of some of their names, along with rough dates when they were active. In many cases, the evidence from the Shang Dynasty oracle bones matched quite closely with the recorded tradition about that time from the Bamboo Annals and the Records of the Grand Historian. Still, it should not surprise anyone that there are still gaps and discrepancies in the imperial list below.  After all, the Shang Dynasty ruled China a very, very long time ago. China’s Shang Dynasty Cheng Tang, 1675 to 1646 BCEWai Bing, 1646 to 1644 BCEZhong Ren, 1644 to 1640 BCETai Jia, 1535 to 1523 BCEWo Ding, 1523 to 1504 BCETai Geng, 1504 to 1479 BCEXiao Jia, 1479 to 1462 BCEYong Ji, 1462 to 1450 BCETai Wu, 1450 to 1375 BCEZhong Ding, 1375 to 1364 BCEWai Ren, 1364 to 1349 BCEHe Dan Jia, 1349 to 1340 BCEZu Yi, 1340 to 1321 BCEZu Xin, 1321 to 1305 BCEWo Jia, 1305 to 1280 BCEZu Ding, 1368 to 1336 BCENan Geng, 1336 to 1307 BCEYang Jia, 1307 to 1290 BCEPan Geng, 1290 to 1262 BCEXiao Xin, 1262 to 1259 BCEXiao Yi, 1259 to 1250 BCEWu Ding, 1250 to 1192 BCEZu Geng, 1192 to 1165 BCEZu Jia, 1165 to 1138 BCELin Xin, 1138 to 1134 BCEKang Ding, dates of reign unclearWu Yi, 1147 to 1112 BCEWen Ding, 1112 to 1102 BCEDi Yi, 1101 to 1076 BCEDi Xin, 1075 to 1046 BCE

Television and Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Television and Children - Essay Example This was agreed on by a number of agencies including the US Surgeon General, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Medical Association, the American Psychology Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics and many other scientific and public health agencies and organizations. Kunkel reports on three major conclusions of a National Television Violence Study which was carried out. The first was that the incidence of violence is indeed very high. According to the study 60% of approximately 10,000 programs sampled in the study contained violent material. The researchers identified an average of 6,000 violent interactions in a single week on 23 channels. The study also pointed out that the way in which violence is presented on television increases the harmful risk to children. The reasons suggested for this were that the harm caused by the violence on television is not portrayed realistically. The way violence is presented understates how much harm these acts in reality cause the victim. It also shows violence performed by role model who show no remorse and suffer no repercussions for their aggressive behavior. The third conclusion of the study was also worrisome. The portrayal of violence has remained consistent over the past years. This stability indicates that efforts are not effective to change the portrayal of violence on television. The potential for violence on television to lead to aggressive behavior in children is not the only negative effect of television viewing in young children. Children can develop a fear of the world around them when they are exposed to violent and scary happenings on television. These images can be seen by children on regular television shows or even on the news. When children cannot distinguish between reality and fantasy they can become affected

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Book Review - Essay Example Huff then explicates how the reader can see through the smoke and to get to what really lies behind the mirror. "There is terror in numbers," writes Darrell Huff. His book aims to decipher the terror that lies beneath the world of averages, trends, graphs, and correlations. Huff sought to break through "the daze that follows the collision of statistics with the human mind.† The book remains relevant as an awakening for people unacquainted to delve deeper into the nonstop flow of numbers pouring from Madison Avenue, Wall Street, and everywhere else; where someone has a point to prove, a product to sell or an axe to grind. Darrell Huff investigates the breadth of every popularly used type of statistic, explores such things as the tabulation method, the interview technique, the sample study, or the way the outcomes are derived from the figures, and points up the infinite number of dodges which are used to deceive rather than inform. "The secret language of statistics, so appealing in a fact-minded culture, is employed to sensationalize, inflate, confuse, and oversimplify," warns Huff. On t he other hand, he said that we should not be terrorized by numbers. "The fact is that, despite its mathematical base, statistics is as much an art as it is a science." Synonymous to a lecturing father, he expects you to learn and ponder on something valuable from the book, and start applying it every day. Never be a sucker again, he cries! Seeing graphs illustrating numbers if properly done are very helpful in interpreting and analyzing data. And yet, truly deceiving if completed in a fishy fashion If you want to show statistical data, clearly and quickly. Draw a picture of it. When a graph is constructed with a y-axis that is numbered from 1 to 100 without skipping a unit, Huff explained, "Your ten percent looks like ten percent—an upward trend that is substantial but perhaps not overwhelming. That is very

Inorganic chemistry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inorganic chemistry - Assignment Example This accounts for the differences in the overall stability constants between the Cu2+/NH3 and Cu2+/en systems. The crystal field splitting is the division in energy between two arrays of d orbitals due to uneven repulsion of the d electrons of the metal by the negative charges, which are set octahedrally around the innermost metal ion (Reger, Goode & Ball 2009). Therefore, the energy of the d orbitals augments as the negative charges approach the metal ion (Crystal field theory: energy level splitting n.d.). 4. The magnetic moment of [Mn(H2O)6]2+ is 5.9 BM while the magnetic moment of [Mn(CN)6]4- is 1.7 BM because [Mn(H2O)6]2+ contains more unpaired electrons compared to [Mn(CN)6]4-. According to Khandelwal, the magnetic moment of a substance increases with the increase in the number of unpaired electrons (n.d.). 5. The limitations of the Crystal Field Theory as applied to transition metal complexes are that it ignores the central metal atom and the ligands. The Crystal field Theory views ligands as point charges and does not account for chemical bonds. The Molecular Orbital Theory is a more useful theory because it explains atoms in terms of orbitals and the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals (electron configuration). This helps in accounting for chemical bonds as a result of transfer or sharing of electrons. It takes into account the ionic and covalent involvements in the formation of complexes. The Latimer diagram indicates the standard reduction potential for changes between each of the oxidation states of an element in order, starting with the highest oxidation state on the left and the lowest oxidation state on the right (Chandra 2006). The first step involves identifying the element with the highest oxidation state and writing it down. An arrow is drawn from this element to that with the second highest oxidation

Migration of Ducati Virtualization Servers to Private Cloud

Migration of Ducati Virtualization Servers to Private Cloud Ducati Motor Holding limited is a motorcycle designers and manufactures based in Italy. It owned by German automobile manufacturer Audi and Lamborghini which all comes under Volksvogen. It has rapidly moved to virtualization in past few years thus reducing the capital costs and had flexibility in applications, Ducati moved to 100% cloud due to high utilization of server virtualization; So Ducati has also embraced to Private cloud automation across both in racing and street bike business. Ducati collaborated with Aruba for a cloud automation thus signing the three-year agreement. Aruba is an Italys web hosting Services Company and has improved its activities in Europe with Aruba cloud, it offers the cloud based services on data centres in France, UK and Czech Republic. Aruba decided to have collaboration with Ducati as it Shares a significant values with Bologna-based manufacturer, operating with competence and passion to guarantee the satisfaction of their clients and users across the world. Those values led to the sign an agreement of this prestigious partnership. Total Cost of Ownership was considered before moving to Private Cloud. CAPITAL EXPENSES OPERATIONAL EXPENSES. Cost of Migration to Cloud Platforms: Moving data to the cloud is one of the most important steps of any migration. Aruba charges fees for transferring data to Cloud. Yet its likely that number is smaller than all of the costs which Ducati currently paying for on-premise infrastructure. Reliability and Availability: Aruba offers guaranteed performance of 99, 95% uptime in a month for private cloud operations and offers services throughout the agreement period of time. Resources: Aruba provides, Maximum of 32 cores per Virtual Machines, 256GB of ram per Virtual Machines, Unlimited disk space, Network resources as per requirements. Privacy and Security: Aruba uses VMware NSX and VMware VCloud Director for managing the network and securities. Operations can all be done by password protected log-in. Scalability: Aruba offers upgrading and downgrading at anytime, which allows the users to expand or reduce the resources as per the requirements. Maintenance, Monitoring and Other Services: Aruba provides the features of uptime monitoring and usage monitoring to manage the storage and other resources. Capital Expenses and Operational Expenses For On-Premise Virtualization Servers. VARIABLES INITIAL YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 Cost of Migration to Cloud Platforms Reliability and Availability $0 $300000 $400000 $500000 Privacy and Security $500000 $100000 $100000 $100000 Resources $3000000 $150000 $190000 $250000 Maintenance, Monitoring and Other Services $0 $200000 $200000 $300000 Scalability $0 $30000 $70000 $150000 Total One Time Expenses $3500000 $550000 $690000 $850000 Capital Expenses and Operational Expenses For Private Cloud. VARIABLES INITIAL YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 Cost of Migration to Cloud Platforms 200000 $0 $0 $0 Reliability and Availability $0 $0 $0 $0 Privacy and Security $0 $0 $0 $0 Resources $0 $0 $0 $0 Maintenance, Monitoring and Other Services $0 $300000 $300000 $300000 Scalability $0 $10000 $10000 $10000 Total One Time Expenses $200000 $310000 $310000 $310000 Total cost for On-Premise Virtualization Server Vs Private Cloud. Total One Time Costs INITIAL YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 Total Cost for On-Premise Virtualization server $3500000 $550000 $690000 $850000 Total Cost of Private Cloud Costs $200000 $310000 $310000 $310000 Conclusion: Moving to the cloud from On-Premise Virtualization server, Ducati able to deploy the Design, New Architectures, Applications and Solutions in a incredibly shorter period of time. The Private Cloud also enables Ducati to support the business and growth of the company with the low cost of investments compare to On-Premise Virtualization Server. Ref: http://www.zdnet.com/article/learn-why-ducati-races-ahead-with-private-cloud-and-a-virtualization-rate-approaching-100-percent/

Washintgon Irving :: essays research papers

In spite of Irving's seventeen years in Europe, his search for native themes led him to contribute importantly to portraiture of the American Indian. Although his firsthand observation of Indians was limited, he was liberated om the pioneer's need to justify Indian displacement. He was able to view Indians sympathetically, bringing the perspective of a worldly man to questions of civilization and savagery. In his first book, A History of New-York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty, by Dietrich Knickerbocker ( 1809), he satirizes pretentious historians and wittily deflates some shibboleths of American history. In Chapter Five Dietrich Knickerbocker pretends to justify the rights of European colonists to the land they "discovered." He succeeds, of course, in revealing the falsity and injustice of their claims. At the end of the chapter, Irving offers a Swiftian summary of colonization; this passage is reprinted below. In a more straightforward way, but not more devastatingly, Irving takes up the topic of displaced Indians again in two sketches added to The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., in 1820. In "Traits of Indian Character," Irving expresses succinctly that sympathy for wronged Indians implied in Knickerbocker's History: It has been the lot of the unfortunate aborigines of America, in the early periods of colonization, to be doubly wronged by the white men. They have been dispossessed of their hereditary possessions by mercenary and frequently wanton warfare, and their characters have been traduced by bigoted and interested writers. In this essay, Irving praises the Indians for courage and magnanimity, and explains their deep resentment of white injuries; he calls it "the dark story of their wrongs and wretchedness." In the next sketch, "Philip of Pokanoket,,, he brings together materials for the many nineteenth century treatments of Philip (most notably, Cooper's and Stone's). Irving's recognition of the heroism of this "true-born prince" in trying to save his people is in sharp contrast to earlier views of Philip as devilish. In these comic and serious meditations on history, Irving helped to establish the idealized Indian; he worked from secondary sources, the northeastern Indians having been conquered and displaced by the 1820s. But Irving's treatment of the Indian does not end with these books. In 1832 he traveled across Indian territory, and recorded his glimpses of western tribes in A Tour on the Prairies ( 1835). His most intimate contact with Indians was gathered through his acquaintance with a half-breed guide on this trip.

Edgar Allen Poe “The Tell Tale Heart” and ” Cask of Amontillado” Comparison

Edgar Allen Poe: The Tell – Tale Heart and The Cask of Amontillado â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† deals with a man’s mental deterioration and decent into madness. The story focuses on the narrator and his obsessions. The story is told from the first person point of view. So the reader knows what the narrator thinks and sees. The narrator reveals his insanity through his obsessions. The narrator’s obsessions include obsessions with the old man’s eye, beating heart and the narrator’s own sanity. The story is about the narrator who for eight consecutive nights goes to the bedroom of an old man. He stands at the door and watches the man sleep with a single ray of light pointing to the old man’s pale blue film covered evil eye. On the eighth night the man hears something in his room and sits up on his bed with his evil eye open and racing heartbeat consumes the narrator and he races to the bed and suffocates the old man. After the murder the narrator dismembers the body and buries the old man in the floorboards. The murder of the old man illustrates the extent to which the narrator separates the old man’s identity from his physical eye. The narrator sees the eye as completely separate from the man, and as a result, he is capable of murdering him while maintaining that he loves him. As the story progresses, the narrator expresses that he is not mad but he is really trying to convince himself he is not insane. For instance, the narrator, at one point simply says, â€Å"If still you think me mad, you will think so no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body. † The narrator also has an unusual obsession with the old man’s eye. The idea of the â€Å"evil eye† carries on throughout the story, until finally the narrator snaps, and does something about it. The narrator had no real motive for killing the old man. He even states this at the beginning saying, â€Å"Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! † It’s almost as if the narrator, as he is retelling the story, attempts to make up a motive for the murder. The narrator’s paranoia and guilt make it inevitable that he will give himself away. The police arrive on the scene to give him the opportunity to betray himself. The more the narrator proclaims his own cool manner, the more he cannot escape the beating of his own heart, which he mistakes for the beating of the old man’s heart. As he confesses to the crime in the final sentence, he addresses the policemen as â€Å"villains,† indicating his inability to distinguish between their real identity and his own villainy and mental deterioration. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the story is told from the first person and features revenge by means of murder. Montresor claims that Fortunato has insulted him a thousand times. Montresor uses â€Å" Thousand injuries† and â€Å"insult† to make himself judge, jury and executioner like in the story â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† when he uses the old man’s vulture like evil eye as excuse to murder the old man, which makes him an unreliable narrator. The name Fortunato that means â€Å"fortunate one†is a use of irony in the story because Fortunato is by the end of the story unfortunate. Montresor chooses to murder Fortunato during a carnival where Fortunato is dressed as a jester I think says something about Fortunato’s character. It may suggest that Fortunato is a jokester that Montresor took far too serious to want to murder him. There are also elements of foreshadowing taking place. For example, Montresor leading Fortunato down to the depths of the catacombs is like leading him down to hell and death to come. Also when Fortunato says, â€Å"I shall not die of a cough† and Montresor says â€Å"true† foreshadows Fortunato’s death not by cough but by suffocation and dehydration. Fortunato’s conversation with Montresor about Free Masons foreshadows his demise. Fortunato challenges Montresor’s claim that he is a free mason is the last insult thrown at Montresor. Montresor shows him a trowel, which means he is a stonemason in the literal sense. To go though these great lengths to kill someone because of insults shows Montresor’s diabolical insane nature. Fortunato is like the old man where they are innocent of any major wrongdoing, unable to defend themselves, entombed in the home, and murdered by an insane man. Works Cited Poe, Edgar Allen. â€Å" The Cask of Amontillado. † Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. 7th ed. Kirszner & Mandell. Boston, MA Wadsworth Cage Learning, 2007. 331 – 336 Print. _. â€Å" The Tell Tale Heart. † Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. 7th ed. Kirszner & Mandell. Boston, MA Wadsworth Cage Learning, 2007. 677 – 680 Print.

The One Man Industry

If success is all there is in life, there would be no room for learning. Failure is an important aspect of one’s life for more often than not, it is through these debacles that one learns the real value of living and the essence of what he has. Amitabh Bachchan, the most popular and highest paid Bollywood actor is the epitome of a wheel. His life has gone through several failings, others serious enough to ruin his name in the Indian society, however, in the face of all the controversies he went through, he still managed to resurface and continue his life.Bachchan is the son of the well-known poet, Harivansh Rai Bachchan and socialite Teji Bachchan. He received his early education from Allahabad’s High School and finished his college art degree in Sherwood College and his science degree from the University of Delhi (bollywoodblog. com n. pag. ). Growing up, he already had his visions of becoming and actor so when he finally graduated, he worked his way to Bollywood. Howe ver, his Bollywood dream was not an easy aspiration to realize.He had to go through several trials before finally contributing his talent to the acting scene. Bachchan first worked as a freight broker in a shipping company in Calcutta (Noronha n. pag. ) then moved to Bombay to pursue an acting career. When he applied for an acting stint, he was refused because his stature was not of a Bollywood actor material. He is 6’3†, too tall for the Bollywood scene and he also had a fair complexion which was not too ideal for an actor (apunkachoice. com n. pag. ).He was given a break though as a narrator after Indira Gandhi, the mother of his friend, Rajiv Gandhi and the Prime Minister then, made a recommendation letter (indiazen n,pag. ). His baritone voice earned him several projects, not as an actor but merely as background voice. It was only after a few years that he was able to infuse the acting scene with his dramatic prowess. His first movie, Saat Hindustani in 1969 was not very successful and did not even earn him an award, nevertheless, it served as his passport to the acting industry.The movie which really gave him his first break was Abhimaan in 1973. This movie gave him the attention he needed to remain in the entertainment world. He starred in this movie with the famous actress Jaya Bahduri, who later on became his wife. They have two children, the other one is also engaged in the film industry (Noronha n. pag. ). After his first successful movie, Bachchan also starred in several others. Among these movies was Zanjeer which placed him on equal footing with famous Bollywood actors.The movie showcases a quasi-revolutionary fervor that is also linked to a private trauma (Mishra 134). Through the movie, Bachchan came to be classified as â€Å"the Angry Man† because of his role as a strict police officer. His portrayal showed rebelliousness, a feeling which was not normally featured in Indian films at that time. The rebellious attitude which h e established in the film did not only give a new taste in the film industry but it also showcased the emotion that was then reigning in the hearts of the Indian lower-middle and slum-dwelling classes (Mishra 134).Bachchan portrayed other roles depicting rebelliousness after the Zanjeer movie. Among the movies that he starred on were Deewar (Wall) in 1975, Sholay (Embers) also in 1975, Amar Akbar Anthony in 1977, Don in 1978, Muqaddar Ka Sikandar also in 1978, Laawaris in 1981, Silisila (The Affair) also in 1981, Namak Halaal in 1982 and Black in 2005. He did many others but these are the top ten movies that he starred on as classified by BBC news (n. pag). All of these films became spectacular and box office hits in the Indian community (entertainmentoneindia n.pag). Bachchan’s flare in the entertainment world cannot solely be attributed to his skills in acting but more on the attitude that he exude in the roles that he played. Unlike the famous actors before his time, he in troduced a new blend in the Indian movies—rebelliousness. He did not fall for the stereotype characters and plots that were reigning then, instead he depicted antagonism and rage. This new blend in the movies was well accepted by the Indians, not only because it was a new approach but also because this was a part of what they were then feeling.The movies which the actor made were more realistic, making the audience relate with what is being shown. Life to Bachchan is not all about romance and happy ending, life is more than that. It includes trials, conflicts and resentment. The approach that Bachchan infused into his films also destroyed the prevalent plot in Indian movies. Films that were prevailing before Bachchan’s time mostly revolved on the character rather than on the story but with his depiction of revenge and anger, the idea of a character was destroyed and the focus was placed more on the story.Mishra (128) enumerates some of the reasons behind the success of Bachchan’s carreer. The first according to the author, is the fact that he was conversant both with the Hindi language and the other dialects. He is the first partition major star who came from the Hindi-speaking heartland of Uttar and Pradesh and who was thoroughly conversant with standard Hindi as well as the other dialects, notably Avadhi (Mishra 128). Knowledge of the language and the dialects was necessary for an actor as this enhances his capacity to better communicate with his audience and beautifully portray the character that he wants to depict in the movie.This also gives him vantage point as compared to other actors who are not conversant with the dialects that he knows because it establishes a closer connection with the viewers. The closer the connection that the actor establishes, the better is the appreciation that the spectators will give to the performance. It must be understood that movies are not just about acting, it is also about communicating with the pe ople and trying to convey a message across. (The second reason for Bachchan’s success is the challenge that he posed) on the figure of the noble, transcendent Rama as the dharmik model of the hero.His roles deployed features that belonged to the antihero Karna in the (Indian epic) Mahabharata while the generic frames of his films destabilized the dominant cinematic form much as the baroque Traverspiel destabilized German tragedy. Finally, he projected this antiheroism into the very modern notion of the angry young man in rebellion and grafted this into the figure of a subaltern hero as an agent of national reconciliation. The rebelliousness thus synthesized reflected the disenchantment, the oppression, the hopelessness of the slum dweller who saw in Bachchan’s acts of antiheroism a symbol of his or her own aspirations.The rags to riches theme that always paralleled the narrative or personal revenge in Bachchan’s films was the imaginary fulfillment if the slum dw eller’s own fantasies (Mishra 128). All of these were not evident in the films that were crafted before Bachchan entered the cinema scene or if they were, it was not as emphatically portrayed as Bachchan did. He said that his commendable performance can be attributed to his genes and the influences of his father’s writings. As a child, he was exposed to the liberal and rebellious writings of his father and this somehow built in his system the same principles that his father advocated (Mishra 128).Many found it ironic that the son of a socialite is espousing the cause of the poor people in India. Nevertheless, his background was not a hindrance to his realistic performance of the lower class Indians. This might have been because of his early exposure to the problems that face the lower class Indian nationals. The source of his acting was not merely dependent on the script—it was beyond it. He was driving source for his acting from his own ideologies which were sh aped by his father’s principles. He had a deeper cause for his performance and exude greater realism.As a result of this, he dominated the Indian movies for quite sometime, leaving no room for the other actors. His influence to the Indian populace was so great that when he met an accident while filming the movie, Coolie, the whole nation prayed for his recovery. There was also a great number of Indians who donated blood for the actor. During the taping for the movie, Bachchan wanted a scene to be realistic so he suggested how the punch should be undertaken unfortunately, the acting got so intense that he ended up in pain.For several days, the doctors cannot find the source of Bachchan’s hurt, until one day, a doctor was able to detect a dark spot on his intestine. The dark spot was his undigested when the punch in his abdomen was made. After seventy-two hours of pain, the undigested food could have turned into poison (Mishra 142-143). His intestine was also ruptured as a result of his fall on the steel table after the punch administered by the stuntman (Chopra n. pag. ) The doctors opted for an immediate operation, however, while he was in the operating table, he lost signs of life.He was declared clinically dead until his wife, Jaya shouted that he saw him move his toe. After this remarkable statement of his wife, the doctors were able to revive him (Mishra 142-143). Throughout the period that he was in the hospital, his supporters speculated that the punch that he received was real and intentional—that it was meant to hurt him. However, no proof was established to back up the claim. After the recovery, Bachchan continued filming the movie to where he left off.He also thanked those who offered prayers for his recovery and the support that the entire nation devoted to him. To date, he is the only movie actor who received such sympathy. People from all walks of life showed all the support they can give and it was as if life in India stopped for Bachchan. Life only returned to its normal shape when it was declared that he is already safe (Mishra 142-143) Aside from acting, Bachchan also tried his luck in politics after he was swayed by his friend Rajiv Gandhi, whose mother was assassinated and won by sympathy vote.Bachchan was elected to a Parliamentary seat, however, this prestigious position did not prove beneficial to him as his name was included to a political controversy. Bachchan, his brother and Rajiv were accused with bribery. It was rumored that the Boffors company bribed Indian politicians to ensure that the government will buy tanks and other military equipment from them (Mishra 144). This hullabaloo seriously injured the name that Bachchan was able to established through time so he decided to quit politics two years after he first explored it.After his flop in the field of politics, Bachchan returned to his first love—film making. Bachchan is well loved by the Indians and his acting widely accepted, however, these love and acceptance were not enough to keep his star shining after the political controversy he faced. Mishra, however, points out that his breakdown in politics is not the direct cause of his collapse as a star. Just like the period when he started his sensational career as an actor, the people then were looking for variety, for something new to watch, the Indians also felt this way at some point when Bachchan was the king of the charts.The people were worn-out with the constant revenge and anger theme in his movies and were looking for something new—for a new approach in movies. This was the time when the need to revive Romanticism was felt. The revival of romance in the films brought back the idea of a character and once again motivation replaced generic predictability, something which Bachchan turned his back on (Mishra 138). For Bombay cinema to survive, the romantic twist had to return. And so, as Bachchan’s star waned, romance returned (Mishra 138 ). After his political stint and cinema flops, Bachchan shifted his attention to a new venture.He created a multi-faceted commercial enterprise known as the Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Limited or ABCL. The company delved in production and distribution of films and other ventures that involved the movie industry. For sometime, the company enjoyed success in producing movies and even catered the Miss World pageant in India in 1996. However, in its latter years, it faced so many debts that it reached bankruptcy (Indiaoye). His failure both in the political and business worlds, prompted him to go back to where he established his name—the entertainment industry. At 55, he filmed his comeback movie, Mrityutada.It was not as successful as his previous movies but it was enough to sustain him in the entertainment field. Two years after his comeback film, he was named in a BBC poll as the Superstar of the Millennium. This title placed him in equal footing with Sir Lawrence Olivier, Ch arlie Chaplin and Marlon Brando. Aside from this, he is also the first Asian actor to be included in Madame Tassaud’s wax museum (hindi lyrix n. pag. ). According to Mishra, Bachchan’s success in his career is not only because of his talent in acting but also because of his skill in building his image outside the theater houses.The author suggests three stages in the life of Bachchan that moulded his image as an actor. First is his relationship with his leading ladies, particularly Rekha. Rekha, the daughter of the Hindi actor Ganeshan, is a tall and good looking woman who exhibited real acting talent. She was one of the few actors then who brought â€Å"real sense of character to the films†. She was suspected by journalists to have established a romantic relation with Bachchan and this suspected relationship was â€Å"extensively documented in the fanzines†. Mishra suggests that this added to the growth of the â€Å"quietly sanctioned counternarrativeâ €  by the actor himself.However, Bachchan imposed censorship when journalists began to pester him (Mishra 140). The affair of Rekha and Bachchan was better revealed in the movie Silsila (Continuity, 1981). In this movie the actors showed what they could not reveal in real life—depicting the love triangle that exists between Jaya, the wife; Bachchan, the husband; and Rekha, the mistress (Mishra 141). In real life, Bachchan denied all allegations of an affair that exists between him and Rekha but the latter had less disavowal in her system. She was more open although not explicitly with the relationship that he has with the Indian icon.Jaya also admitted that girls were a problem with Bachchan but she did not elaborate on his affairs. Bachchan reiterated in an interview that Rekha was just his leading lady and nothing else (cited in Mishra 140). The other two the Mishra talked about were his near death experience while filming the movie Coolie and the Bofors controversy. Dur ing the period that he was in the hospital fighting death and trying to survive, life in India seem to have been brought to halt. Temple houses and mosques were filled with people trying to offer prayers for the fast recovery of their beloved star.The Prime Minister then, his friend Rajiv Gandhi, cut his international trips to see him. The kind of emotion Amitabh has evoked among Indians across the globe is absolutely phenomenal, said film director Ramesh Sippy (Chopra n. pag). To reiterate, Mishra (146) said that no correlation should be made between Bachchan’s failure as a politician and the flop of his comeback movie. According to the author, Bachchan’s return in the film industry and the people’s cold reaction to the movies that he made is not the direct effect of the Bofors deal.Bachchan’s waning as a star can only be attributed to the return of romance in Indian films, something which the actor did not patronize. After his comeback movie, Bachchan b ecame the host of â€Å"Who wants to be a millionare? †. This undertaking proved successful for him as he was able to woo many Indians to watch his show. Movie theaters have adjusted the screening of their movies in order to accommodate the program time of Bachchan’s game show. Moreover, he has also tried acting in other genres like comedy and drama and he also proved triumphant in these fields. It only goes on to say that the king of Indian films has regained his thrown.Aside from going back to the film industry, he has also invaded the advertising industry. He is the most sought after promoter of products such as clothing among others. The Indian icon, now in his 60’s, remain to be active and show no signs of slowing down. Many Indians still look up to him despite his age not only because of his legendary achievements but also because of the way he plays his age. In a BBC new report (n. pag. ), it was stated that Bachchan has made aging cool. He acts his age a nd yet he still manages to go with the flow of modern times, something which only a few could do.More than his acting career, Bachchan is extraordinary for his attitude towards life. Despite the failures he faced and the narrow roads he walked through, he still manages to get up everytime and continue where he left of. He does not allow any fiasco to pull him to the ground level and never get up again. He also has established a certain charm with the Indian people that they keep on accepting him despite his failures and continuously gives him the chance that he needs. Without this charm, he would have had a hard time bringing back the luster of his name in the face of all the controversies that he had been through.Today, he continues to live up his image as the legend of Indian television. It must be remembered that Bachchan’s influence in the movies in India is remarkable because he defied the odds at a time when everyone was into romance. Through his acting abilities he was able to change the genre of the themes in Indian movies and provided variety. Without him, there would have been no variety in the Bollywood films and the film makers would have just stuck with the traditional portrayal of a character in the movie. He introduced innovation and experimentation in Indian movies.His significance as an actor and influence to the Indian populace is indelible because of the great contribution that he made in the movies and also because of the way his movies shaped the minds of the people. From the early 70’s until the 90’s he was the only actor who was patronized by the Indian people. It seemed that he was the only actor then existing thus the title, â€Å"one man industry†. It would take a really brilliant man and a well-skilled actor to be able to dominate the film industry which is considered to be the biggest in the world and holds a record high of movies produced annually in the world (MSN Encarta onlone encyclopedia n.pag. ). T o date, India is the country which has the highest number of movies produced annually registering 800 movies a year (Chopra n. pag). Only a few people could exert such an influence in a such a big industry. Films to the Indian people is very important and well patronized because to them, cinema is not just entertainment. It is all about passion. Since the dawn of film production in the country, the entertainment industry has produced 27,000 films in 52 languages. Everyday, people in India flock the 13,000 movie houses in the country and enjoy the song and dance that the movies offer (Chopra n.pag). Many of the films that Indians produce come from the factories of Mumbai or Bombay. The film industry in Bombay is what is known was Bollywood it is India’s Hindi film capital and the home of ten sprawling studios. The movies that are produced in this part of India have ranging budgets, some start big time amounting to five million dollars while the others have to content themselve s with a meager fund of fifty-thousand dollars and create the movie within ten to fifteen days.Many parts of India are also flustering with movie producers but nothing could still match Bollywood, the industry where Bachchan established his name. Bollywood according to Chopra has a wider audience reaching to Indians who are scattered across the globe and the stars are considered gods. (Chopra n. pag. ). Through the years, many changes have also been undertaken in the Hindi films. It has leaped giant steps in terms of the technical production but its themes are leaping like babies, one small step at a time. The themes that it used to foster traditionally remain to be evident in Hindi films. (Chopra n.pag). This only shows that Hindi films can hardly be infiltrated and changed overnight as they are influenced by culture and tradition and it took a really powerful man such as Bachchan to have changed the twist of Indian films for a certain period in history. Works Cited â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan Biography. † N. d. A punk choice. com. 28 April 2008. â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan. † N. d. Bollywoodblog. com. 28 April 2008 â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan. † N. d. Indiazen. com. 28 April 2008 â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan. † N. d. Hindilyrix. com. 28 April 2008. â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan: The Comeback Man. † N. d. BBC news. 28 April 2008 â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan. † N. d. Indiaoye. 28 April 2008 Chopra, Anupama. â€Å"Bollywood: India’s Star Machine†. n. d. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia side bar. 28 April 2008